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The Battle of the Caucasus was a series of Axis and Soviet operations in the Caucasus as part of the Eastern Front of World War II.On 25 July 1942, German troops captured Rostov-on-Don, opening the Caucasus region of the southern Soviet Union to the Germans and threatening the oil fields beyond at Maikop, Grozny, and ultimately Baku.
These are depictions of diverse aspects of war in film and television, including but not limited to documentaries, TV mini-series, drama serials, and propaganda film.The list starts before World War I, followed by the Roaring Twenties, and then the Great Depression, which eventually saw the outbreak of World War II in 1939, which ended in 1945.
In the summer of 1942, Operation Edelweiss was drawn up in order to capture the Caucasus, in particular, Baku and Grozny. A similar plan called Velvet was also drawn up by the allies of the USSR – England and the United States. [4] In 1942–1943, 74 attempts of the German air forces to invade Baku were stopped. [3]
Operation Edelweiss (German: Unternehmen Edelweiß) is a 1954 West German war film directed by Heinz Paul and starring Joachim Mock, Albert Hehn and Wolf Petersen. [1] It was shot at the Göttingen Studios and on location in Switzerland. The film's sets were designed by the art directors Hans Kuhnert and Theo Zwierski.
The operation involved a two-pronged attack: one from the Axis right flank against the oil fields of Baku, known as Operation Edelweiss, and one from the left flank to protect the first attack, moving in the direction of Stalingrad along the Don River, known as Operation Fischreiher. [7]
In 1942 on the Eastern Front, the German army approached the South Caucasus. Hitler was eager to capture Azerbaijan, seeking oil to strengthen the German army and weaken the Soviet Union – whose economy relied heavily on oil and fossil fuels. [6] Operation Edelweiss was planned to commence on September 26, 1942. [7]
[citation needed] The division fought in the Second Battle of Kharkov in May 1942 and then participated in the offensive through southern Russia and into the Caucasus (Operation Edelweiss). In a symbolic propaganda move, the division sent a detachment to raise the German flag on Mount Elbrus on 21 August 1942.
The 4th Mountain Division was established in October 1940. It took part in the 1941 Balkans Campaign and then joined Army Group South in Operation Barbarossa after it was already underway. In 1942 it participated in the failed attempt to seize the Caucasus in Operation Edelweiss under Army Group A.