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A typical example of RDD-centric functional programming is the following Scala program that computes the frequencies of all words occurring in a set of text files and prints the most common ones. Each map , flatMap (a variant of map ) and reduceByKey takes an anonymous function that performs a simple operation on a single data item (or a pair ...
In statistics, a power transform is a family of functions applied to create a monotonic transformation of data using power functions.It is a data transformation technique used to stabilize variance, make the data more normal distribution-like, improve the validity of measures of association (such as the Pearson correlation between variables), and for other data stabilization procedures.
In machine learning, Platt scaling or Platt calibration is a way of transforming the outputs of a classification model into a probability distribution over classes.The method was invented by John Platt in the context of support vector machines, [1] replacing an earlier method by Vapnik, but can be applied to other classification models. [2]
MapReduce is a programming model and an associated implementation for processing and generating big data sets with a parallel and distributed algorithm on a cluster. [1] [2] [3]A MapReduce program is composed of a map procedure, which performs filtering and sorting (such as sorting students by first name into queues, one queue for each name), and a reduce method, which performs a summary ...
The direct-quadrature-zero (DQZ, DQ0 [1] or DQO, [2] sometimes lowercase) or Park transformation (named after Robert H. Park) is a tensor that rotates the reference frame of a three-element vector or a three-by-three element matrix in an effort to simplify analysis. The transformation is equivalent to the product of the Clarke transformation ...
For example, suppose that the values x are realizations from different Poisson distributions: i.e. the distributions each have different mean values μ. Then, because for the Poisson distribution the variance is identical to the mean, the variance varies with the mean. However, if the simple variance-stabilizing transformation
Note: solving for ′ returns the resultant angle in the first quadrant (< <). To find , one must refer to the original Cartesian coordinate, determine the quadrant in which lies (for example, (3,−3) [Cartesian] lies in QIV), then use the following to solve for :
The main article gives examples of generating functions for many sequences. Other examples of generating function variants include Dirichlet generating functions (DGFs), Lambert series, and Newton series. In this article we focus on transformations of generating functions in mathematics and keep a running list of useful transformations and ...