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Greenstones, aside from containing basalts, also give rise to several types of metamorphic rocks which are used synonymously with 'metabasalt' et cetera; greenschist, whiteschist and blueschist are all terms spawned from the study of greenstone belts. The West African early Proterozoic greenstone belts are similar to the Archean greenstone belts.
These sinking greenstones forced the granitic partial melts sideways and upwards, emplacing them into the margins of the belt and later folding them. The greenstone cover allows the granitic layer to remobilize and form the dome structure. This two stage event is dated between 3.26 and 3.22 Ga. [10]
The Barberton Greenstone Belt is located on the Kaapvaal craton, which covers much of the southeastern part of Africa, and was formed by the emplacement of granitoid batholiths. [7] The Kaapvaal craton was once part of a supercontinent geologists term Vaalbara that also included the Pilbara craton of western Australia. [ 7 ]
Location of the Barberton Greenstone Belt. The Barberton Greenstone Belt is a geologic formation situated on the eastern edge of the Kaapvaal Craton in South Africa.It is known for its gold mineralisation and for its komatiites, an unusual type of ultramafic volcanic rock named after the Komati River that flows through the belt.
A large number of geological and geochemical methods have been applied to the rocks of the Isua Greenstone Belt. These include subdivision of the various lithologies and units within the belt using a combination of geological mapping and U-Pb zircon dating, typically using sensitive high-resolution ion microprobe (SHRIMP), analyses; [3] major and trace element chemistry; [11] [12] structural ...
[5]: 31 Most Archean volcanic rocks are concentrated within greenstone belts; [14]: 45 the green color comes from minerals, such as chlorite, epidote and actinolite that formed during metamorphism. [ 9 ] : 1 After metamorphism occurred, these rocks were folded and faulted into a system of mountains by the Algoman orogeny.
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The Leonean Orogeny 3.5 to 2.9 billion years ago and the Liberian Orogeny 2.9 to 2.5 billion years ago both influenced the Archean rocks.. Greenstone belts, sequences of metamorphic and volcanic rocks associated with cratons and used by geologists to study early tectonics are found in south-central Liberia, dating to 2.1 billion years ago.