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Philosopher Brian Leftow has argued that the question cannot have a causal explanation (as any cause must itself have a cause) or a contingent explanation (as the factors giving the contingency must pre-exist), and that if there is an answer, it must be something that exists necessarily (i.e., something that just exists, rather than is caused ...
He argued that knowledge should be understood as a process rather than a static state, emphasizing the role of social practice and historical context in knowledge formation. [7] Schaff's approach suggests that Gettier-type problems arise from an overly individualistic and ahistorical conception of knowledge.
One of the most basic questions of both science and philosophy is: why is there something rather than nothing at all? [3] A question that follows from this is whether it is ever actually possible for there to be nothing at all, or whether there must always be something. [4] Grammatically, "something and anything are commonly classified as ...
Why is there anything at all?" or "Why is there something rather than nothing?" is a question about the reason for basic existence which has been raised or commented on by a range of philosophers and physicists, including Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz, [21] Ludwig Wittgenstein, [22] and Martin Heidegger, [23] who called it "the fundamental question ...
There exists something rather than nothing. He concludes thereupon that contingent beings are an insufficient explanation for the existence of other contingent beings. Furthermore, that there must exist a necessary being, whose non-existence is impossible, to explain the origination of all contingent beings. Therefore, there exists a necessary ...
On the question of why there is anything at all, some have suggested the possibility of an infinite regress, where, if an entity can't come from nothing and this concept is mutually exclusive from something, there must have always been something that caused the previous effect, with this causal chain (either deterministic or probabilistic ...
In philosophy, a theory of everything (ToE) is an ultimate, all-encompassing explanation or description of nature or reality. [1] [2] [3] Adopting the term from physics, where the search for a theory of everything is ongoing, philosophers have discussed the viability of the concept and analyzed its properties and implications.
In his book A Universe from Nothing: Why There is Something Rather Than Nothing, cosmologist Lawrence Krauss has proposed how quantum mechanics can explain how spacetime and matter can emerge from 'nothing' (referring to the quantum vacuum).