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Childbirth, also known as labour, parturition and delivery, is the completion of pregnancy where one or more babies exits the internal environment of the mother via vaginal delivery or caesarean section. [7]
A spontaneous vaginal delivery (SVD) occurs when a pregnant woman goes into labor without the use of drugs or techniques to induce labor and delivers their baby without forceps, vacuum extraction, or a cesarean section. [1] An induced vaginal delivery is a delivery involving labor induction, where drugs or manual techniques are used to initiate ...
The term, obstetrical dilemma, was coined in 1960, by Sherwood Larned Washburn, a prominent early American physical anthropologist, in order to describe the evolutionary development of the human pelvis and its relation to childbirth and pregnancy in hominids and non-human primates. [6]
Prenatal and perinatal psychology are often discussed together to group the period during pregnancy, childbirth, and through the early stages of infancy. The role of prenatal and perinatal psychology is to explain the experience and behavior of the individual before birth , postnatal consequences, and the lasting effects on development that ...
Childbirth, referred to as labor and delivery in the medical field, is the process whereby an infant is born. [60] A woman is considered to be in labor when she begins experiencing regular uterine contractions, accompanied by changes of her cervix—primarily effacement and dilation.
They may also be referred to as delivery positions or labor positions. In addition to the lithotomy position (on back with feet pulled up), still commonly used by many obstetricians , other positions are successfully used by midwives and traditional birth-attendants around the world.
A doula (left) applying pressure to a pregnant woman during labor. A doula (/ ˈ d uː l ə /; from Ancient Greek δούλα 'female slave'; Greek pronunciation:) is a non-medical professional who provides guidance for the service of others and who supports another person (the doula's client) through a significant health-related experience, such as childbirth, miscarriage, induced abortion or ...
Signs and symptoms of preterm labor include four or more uterine contractions in one hour. In contrast to false labour, true labor is accompanied by cervical dilation and effacement. Also, vaginal bleeding in the third trimester, heavy pressure in the pelvis, or abdominal or back pain could be indicators that a preterm birth is about to occur.