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Fixation (German: Fixierung) [1] is a concept (in human psychology) that was originated by Sigmund Freud (1905) to denote the persistence of anachronistic sexual traits. [ 2 ] [ 3 ] The term subsequently came to denote object relationships with attachments to people or things in general persisting from childhood into adult life.
Functional fixedness is a cognitive bias that limits a person to use an object only in the way it is traditionally used. The concept of functional fixedness originated in Gestalt psychology, a movement in psychology that emphasizes holistic processing.
According to intellectual historian Jan E. Goldstein, the initial introduction of idée fixe as a medical term occurred around 1812 in connection with monomania. [1] The French psychiatrist Jean-Étienne Dominique Esquirol considered an idée fixe – in other words an unhealthy fixation on a single object – to be the principal symptom of monomania. [2]
Metacognitive therapy (MCT) is a psychotherapy focused on modifying metacognitive beliefs that perpetuate states of worry, rumination and attention fixation. [1] It was created by Adrian Wells [2] based on an information processing model by Wells and Gerald Matthews. [3] It is supported by scientific evidence from a large number of studies. [4] [5]
A study about stress effects on female songbird’s response to sexual signal for mating indicated that the response to this specific signal can be impaired if the female is exposed to developmental stress. Behavioural changes as a result from developmental stress impairs neural responses to sexual signals, which reduces mating. [5]
Freud saw inhibited development, fixation, and regression as centrally formative elements in the creation of a neurosis.Arguing that "the libidinal function goes through a lengthy development", he assumed that "a development of this kind involves two dangers – first, of inhibition, and secondly, of regression". [4]
The second phase occurs suddenly and unexpectedly. After a break in mental fixation or re-evaluating the problem, the answer is retrieved. [6] Some research suggest that insight problems are difficult to solve because of our mental fixation on the inappropriate aspects of the problem content. [7]
Alcohol use disorder can vary in severity. Alcohol dependence can impact stress and other disorders in many ways. [70] For example, stress-related disorders such as anxiety and PTSD are known to increase risk of alcohol use disorder (AUD), and they are often co-morbid. Mental disorders that pair with AUD can impacts the brain in many ways.