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A Langmuir monolayer or insoluble monolayer is a one-molecule thick layer of an insoluble organic material spread onto an aqueous subphase in a Langmuir-Blodgett trough. Traditional compounds used to prepare Langmuir monolayers are amphiphilic materials that possess a hydrophilic headgroup and a hydrophobic tail.
The following chart shows the solubility of various ionic compounds in water at 1 atm pressure and room temperature (approx. 25 °C, 298.15 K). "Soluble" means the ionic compound doesn't precipitate, while "slightly soluble" and "insoluble" mean that a solid will precipitate; "slightly soluble" compounds like calcium sulfate may require heat to precipitate.
A three-component compatibility diagram will depict the stable phase of each pure component as the point at each corner of a ternary diagram. Additional points in the diagram represent other pure phases, and lines connecting pairs of these points represent compositions at which the two phases are the only phases present.
The nature in which the tail groups organize themselves into a straight ordered monolayer is dependent on the inter-molecular attraction, or van der Waals forces, between the tail groups. To minimize the free energy of the organic layer the molecules adopt conformations that allow high degree of Van der Waals forces with some hydrogen bonding.
The tables below provides information on the variation of solubility of different substances (mostly inorganic compounds) in water with temperature, at one atmosphere pressure.
Monolayer protected clusters (MPCs) are one type of nanoparticles or clusters of atoms. A single MPC contains three main parts: metallic core, protective ligand layer and metal-ligand interface between, each defined by their distinctive chemical and structural environments. [ 1 ]
(a) Structure of a hexagonal TMD monolayer. M atoms are in black and X atoms are in yellow. (b) A hexagonal TMD monolayer seen from above. Transition-metal dichalcogenide (TMD or TMDC) monolayers are atomically thin semiconductors of the type MX 2, with M a transition-metal atom (Mo, W, etc.) and X a chalcogen atom (S, Se, or Te).
Schematic diagram of solvothermal synthesis setup: (1) stainless steel autoclave (2) precursor solution (3) Teflon liner (4) stainless steel lid (5) spring Solvothermal synthesis is a method of producing chemical compounds , in which a solvent containing reagents is put under high pressure and temperature in an autoclave .