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Westwood+ is a sender-only modification of TCP Reno that optimizes the performance of TCP congestion control over both wired and wireless networks. TCP Westwood+ is based on end-to-end bandwidth estimation to set the congestion window and slow-start threshold after a congestion episode, that is, after three duplicate acknowledgments or a ...
In TCP Westwood, an "Eligible Rate" is estimated and used by the sender to update ssthresh and cwin upon loss indication, or during its "Agile Probing" phase, a proposed modification to the well-known slow start phase. In addition, a scheme called Persistent Non Congestion Detection (PNCD) has been devised to detect persistent lack of ...
ssthresh is not mentioned; In Reno cwnd is not halved. ssthresh is often set to cwnd/2, but RFC 2581 recommends setting it to FlightSize/2. Herr Baum 20:31, 9 March 2007 (UTC) full algorithm in tcp tahoe graphs showing the characteristic 'shapes' of window size over time, for congestion avoidance and TCP slow-start.
Once the TCP receiver detects a second duplicate packet, it sends a D-ACK to indicate that no segments were lost, allowing the TCP sender to reinstate the higher transmission rate. The SACK option is not mandatory and comes into operation only if both parties support it.
MacOS adopted TCP CUBIC with the OS X Yosemite release in 2014, [5] [6] while the previous release OS X Mavericks still used TCP New Reno. [ 7 ] [ 8 ] Microsoft adopted it by default in Windows 10.1709 Fall Creators Update (2017), and Windows Server 2016 1709 update.
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The approach taken is to increase the transmission rate (window size), probing for usable bandwidth, until loss occurs. The policy of additive increase may, for instance, increase the congestion window by a fixed amount every round-trip time. When congestion is detected, the transmitter decreases the transmission rate by a multiplicative factor ...
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