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Net profit on a P & L (profit and loss) account: Sales revenue = price (of product) × quantity sold; Gross profit = sales revenue − cost of sales and other direct costs; Operating profit = gross profit − overheads and other indirect costs; EBIT (earnings before interest and taxes) = operating profit + interest income + other non-operating ...
Retailers can measure their profit by using two basic methods, namely markup and margin, both of which describe gross profit. Markup expresses profit as a percentage of the cost of the product to the retailer. Margin expresses profit as a percentage of the selling price of the product that the retailer determines.
For households and individuals, gross income is the sum of all wages, salaries, profits, interest payments, rents, and other forms of earnings, before any deductions or taxes. It is opposed to net income , defined as the gross income minus taxes and other deductions (e.g., mandatory pension contributions).
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The profit model is the linear, deterministic algebraic model used implicitly by most cost accountants. Starting with, profit equals sales minus costs, it provides a structure for modeling cost elements such as materials, losses, multi-products, learning, depreciation etc.
It is used to assess the 'operating' profit of the business. It is a rough way of calculating how much cash the business is generating and is even sometimes called the 'operating cash flow'. It can be useful because it removes factors that change the view of performance depending upon the accounting and financing policies of the business.
The example shows that there are defined two calculation arcs providing details concerning relations between Gross profit, Revenue and Cost of Sales. In Income Statements, Gross profit is the difference between the other two.
Starting off with Gross Output, expenditure on intermediate goods and services are deducted, to arrive at gross value added. Value added may be stated gross (equal to the net output value, including consumption of fixed capital, i.e. depreciation charges) or net (excluding consumption of fixed capital). The net operating surplus (NOS) is thus ...