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Interleukin-1 alpha (IL-1 alpha) also known as hematopoietin 1 is a cytokine of the interleukin 1 family that in humans is encoded by the IL1A gene. [5] [6] In general, Interleukin 1 is responsible for the production of inflammation, as well as the promotion of fever and sepsis. IL-1α inhibitors are being developed to interrupt those processes ...
These signaling pathways lead to activation of many transcription factors, such as NF-κB, AP-1, c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) and p38 MAPK. [ 17 ] [ 18 ] IL-1α precursor and mature IL-1β lack a signal peptide which should direct them into the endoplasmic / Golgi -dependent secretion pathway and they are secreted by an unconventional protein ...
The interleukin-1 receptor (IL-1R) associated kinase (IRAK) family [1] plays a crucial role in the protective response to pathogens introduced into the human body by inducing acute inflammation followed by additional adaptive immune responses. IRAKs are essential components of the Interleukin-1 receptor signaling pathway and some Toll-like ...
[26] [27] In humans, the interleukin-8 protein is encoded by the CXCL8 gene. [28] IL-8 is initially produced as a precursor peptide of 99 amino acids which then undergoes cleavage to create several active IL-8 isoforms. [29] In culture, a 72 amino acid peptide is the major form secreted by macrophages. [29]
Interleukin-1 receptor (IL-1R) is a cytokine receptor which binds interleukin 1. [1] Two forms of the receptor exist. The type I receptor is primarily responsible for transmitting the inflammatory effects of interleukin-1 (IL-1) while type II receptors may act as a suppressor of IL-1 activity by competing for IL-1 binding. [1]
Ig-like domain is the part of receptor which is located extracellularly. There are minimal homologies in amino acid sequences of Ig-like domains between proteins of IL-1R family but they all show characteristic Ig-fold and two β-sheets joined together by disulfide bonds which form between cysteine residues.
The membrane-bound ST2, which provides the activation pathway and soluble ST2 that originates from another promoter region of the il1rl1 gene and lacks the transmembrane and cytoplasmic domains. [12] Interestingly, all the members of the IL-1 family such as receptor share a common intracellular Toll/IL-1 receptor (TIR) domain.
The protein encoded by this gene is a decoy receptor for certain cytokines that belongs to the interleukin-1 receptor family. This protein binds interleukin-1α (IL1A), interleukin-1β (IL1B), and interleukin 1 receptor antagonist (IL1Ra), preventing them from binding to their regular receptors and thereby inhibiting the transduction of their signaling.