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  2. Geographic coordinate conversion - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geographic_coordinate...

    Coordinate conversion is composed of a number of different types of conversion: format change of geographic coordinates, conversion of coordinate systems, or transformation to different geodetic datums. Geographic coordinate conversion has applications in cartography, surveying, navigation and geographic information systems.

  3. A WKT format is defined to describe the operation methods and parameters used to convert or transform coordinates between two different coordinate reference systems. The WKT 1 and WKT 2 formats are incompatible regarding coordinate operations, because of differences in the modelling. [13]

  4. List of common coordinate transformations - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_common_coordinate...

    Let (x, y, z) be the standard Cartesian coordinates, and (ρ, θ, φ) the spherical coordinates, with θ the angle measured away from the +Z axis (as , see conventions in spherical coordinates). As φ has a range of 360° the same considerations as in polar (2 dimensional) coordinates apply whenever an arctangent of it is taken. θ has a range ...

  5. Georeferencing - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georeferencing

    Several types of functions are available in most GIS and remote sensing software for georeferencing. [7] As the simplest type of two-dimensional curve is a straight line, so the simplest form of coordinate transformation is a linear transformation, the most common type being the affine transformation: [8]: 171

  6. Spatial reference system - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spatial_reference_system

    A spatial reference system (SRS) or coordinate reference system (CRS) is a framework used to precisely measure locations on the surface of Earth as coordinates. It is thus the application of the abstract mathematics of coordinate systems and analytic geometry to geographic space.

  7. Local tangent plane coordinates - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/.../Local_tangent_plane_coordinates

    Local tangent plane coordinates (LTP) are part of a spatial reference system based on the tangent plane defined by the local vertical direction and the Earth's axis of rotation. They are also known as local ellipsoidal system , [ 1 ] [ 2 ] local geodetic coordinate system , [ 3 ] local vertical, local horizontal coordinates ( LVLH ), or ...

  8. Coordinate system - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coordinate_system

    Given a coordinate system, if one of the coordinates of a point varies while the other coordinates are held constant, then the resulting curve is called a coordinate curve. If a coordinate curve is a straight line , it is called a coordinate line .

  9. Helmert transformation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helmert_transformation

    The Helmert transformation (named after Friedrich Robert Helmert, 1843–1917) is a geometric transformation method within a three-dimensional space. It is frequently used in geodesy to produce datum transformations between datums. The Helmert transformation is also called a seven-parameter transformation and is a similarity transformation.

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