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Petroleum naphtha is an intermediate hydrocarbon liquid stream derived from the refining of crude oil [1] [2] [3] with CAS-no 64742-48-9. [4] It is most usually desulfurized and then catalytically reformed, which rearranges or restructures the hydrocarbon molecules in the naphtha as well as breaking some of the molecules into smaller molecules to produce a high-octane component of gasoline (or ...
Naphtha (/ ˈ n æ f θ ə /, recorded as less common or nonstandard [1] in all dictionaries: / ˈ n æ p θ ə /) is a flammable liquid hydrocarbon mixture.Generally, it is a fraction of crude oil, but it can also be produced from natural-gas condensates, petroleum distillates, and the fractional distillation of coal tar and peat.
White Spirit is a petroleum distillate used as a paint thinner and mild solvent. White spirit is an inexpensive petroleum-based replacement for the vegetable-based turpentine. It is commonly used as a paint thinner for oil-based paint and cleaning brushes, and as an organic solvent in other applications.
Aliphatic compounds can be saturated, joined by single bonds , or unsaturated, with double bonds or triple bonds . If other elements ( heteroatoms ) are bound to the carbon chain , the most common being oxygen , nitrogen , sulfur , and chlorine , it is no longer a hydrocarbon, and therefore no longer an aliphatic compound.
The following names can be found: petroleum distillates, refined petroleum distillates, spray oils, petroleum derived spray oils or PDSOs, petroleum spray oils or PSOs, hydrocarbon oils, lubricating oils, narrow-range oils, white mineral oils, aliphatic solvents, paraffin oils, paraffinic oils, mineral oils, horticultural oils, agricultural ...
Petroleum ether is the petroleum fraction consisting of aliphatic hydrocarbons and boiling in the range 35–60 °C, and commonly used as a laboratory solvent. [4] Despite the name, petroleum ether is not an ether ; the term is used only figuratively, signifying extreme lightness and volatility.
Naphthenic acids are extracted from petroleum distillates by extraction with aqueous base. Acidification of this extract acidic neutralization returns the acids free from hydrocarbons. Naphthenic acid is removed from petroleum fractions not only to minimize corrosion but also to recover commercially useful products. [10]
For refineries, the interest has been primarily focused on the distribution between the distillation fractions: petrol, paraffin, gas oil, lubricant distillate, etc. Refiners look at the density of the crude oil – whether it is light, medium or heavy – or the sulfur content, i.e. whether the crude oil is “sweet” or “sour”.