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Decreased propulsive ability may be broadly classified as caused either by bowel obstruction or by intestinal atony or paralysis. However, instances with symptoms and signs of a bowel obstruction occur, but with the absence of a mechanical obstruction, mainly in acute colonic pseudo-obstruction , Ogilvie's syndrome . [ 3 ]
Motilin is a 22-amino acid polypeptide hormone in the motilin family that, in humans, is encoded by the MLN gene. [2]Motilin is secreted by endocrine Mo cells [3] [4] (also referred to as M cells, which are not the same as the M cells, or microfold cells, found in Peyer's patches) that are numerous in crypts of the small intestine, especially in the duodenum and jejunum. [5]
Gastrointestinal physiology is the branch of human physiology that addresses the physical function of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract.The function of the GI tract is to process ingested food by mechanical and chemical means, extract nutrients and excrete waste products.
This may be linked to delayed small bowel and colon transit. [32] If symptoms are refractory (especially in the setting of weight loss), or if an intestinal neuromyopathic disorder is suspected, then motility may be evaluated via antroduodenal manometry, wireless motility capsules, whole gut scintigraphy, or radiopaque markers. [32]
Intestinal failure is decreased intestinal function such that nutrients, water, and electrolytes are not sufficiently absorbed. Short bowel syndrome is when there is less than 2 m (6.6 ft) of working bowel and is the most common cause of intestinal failure. [3]
Gastrointestinal motility disorders occur when the digestive tract, especially its muscles or nerves, malfunctions. They are sometimes treated by physicians with subspecialty training in neurogastroenterology.
Patients with chronic intestinal pseudo-obstruction that involves the small bowel commonly present with symptoms such as constipation, abdominal pain, nausea, and vomiting. [6] Diarrhea may result from bacterial overgrowth brought on by small bowel dysmotility-induced stasis.
Decreasing intestinal motility prolongs the transit time of food content through the digestive tract, which allows for more fluid absorption; thereby alleviating diarrhea symptoms and improving stool consistency and frequency. [4] Unlike other opiates, loperamide does not cross the blood brain barrier, so there is minimal risk for abuse. [5]
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