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Fullerene C 60. Fullerene chemistry is a field of organic chemistry devoted to the chemical properties of fullerenes. [1] [2] [3] Research in this field is driven by the need to functionalize fullerenes and tune their properties. For example, fullerene is notoriously insoluble and adding a suitable group can enhance solubility. [1]
Below is a table of main closed carbon fullerenes synthesized and characterized so far, with their CAS number when known. [48] Fullerenes with fewer than 60 carbon atoms have been called "lower fullerenes", [ 49 ] and those with more than 70 atoms "higher fullerenes".
Alternatively, endohedral hydrogen fullerenes can be produced by opening and closing a fullerene by organic chemistry methods. A recent example of endohedral fullerenes includes single molecules of water encapsulated in C 60. [10] Noble gas endofullerenes are predicted to exhibit unusual polarizability.
Fullerene is a relatively new substance in chemistry sciences. Buckminsterfullerene itself was discovered in 1985 [1] and the first fullerene-containing polymers were reported at least 6 [2] years later. The main milestones in the use of fullerene in polymer chemistry are listed below: 1992 – Synthesis of organometallic C 60 polymer (C 60 Pd ...
As quoted from these sources in an online version of: David R. Lide (ed), CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, 84th Edition. CRC Press. Boca Raton, Florida, 2003; Section 9, Molecular Structure and Spectroscopy; Electronegativity Pauling, L., The Nature of the Chemical Bond, Third Edition, Cornell University Press, Ithaca, New York, 1960.
Working principle of the Fullerene based BHJ OPVs device involves four fundamental steps namely (i) photons absorption and exciton creation, (ii) exciton diffusion and splitting at the D-A interface, (iii) charge transportation, and, (iv) charge collection. [12] In a BHJ OPV device, the donor material is the one that absorbs the incoming light.
Electron affinity can be defined in two equivalent ways. First, as the energy that is released by adding an electron to an isolated gaseous atom. The second (reverse) definition is that electron affinity is the energy required to remove an electron from a singly charged gaseous negative ion.
Heterofullerenes are classes of fullerenes, at least one carbon atom is replaced by another element. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] Based on spectroscopy , substitutions have been reported with boron ( borafullerenes ), [ 3 ] [ 4 ] nitrogen ( azafullerenes ), [ 5 ] [ 6 ] oxygen , [ 7 ] arsenic , germanium , [ 8 ] phosphorus , [ 9 ] silicon , [ 10 ] [ 11 ] iron ...