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Estonian (eesti keel [ˈeːsʲti ˈkeːl] ⓘ) is a Finnic language of the Uralic family. Estonian is the official language of Estonia. It is written in the Latin script and is the first language of the majority of the country's population; it is also an official language of the European Union. Estonian is spoken natively by about 1.1 million ...
Seto is a language from the Finnic branch of the Uralic languages.It is sometimes identified as a dialect of either South Estonian (along with Võro, Tartu and Mulgi) or Võro, some linguists also consider Seto and Võro to be dialects from a common language, Võro-Seto, or Seto to be a language on its own, more similar to Medieval Estonian than the current standardized Estonian, having strong ...
The Tartu dialect (Estonian: tartu keel) is a dialect of South Estonian spoken in Estonia, near the city of Tartu. It bears similarities to Mulgi , particularly the Tarvastu and Helme varieties. It has historically, along with northern Võro , been the basis for the South Estonian literary language.
Estonian consonant gradation is a grammatical process that affects obstruent consonants at the end of the stressed syllable of a word. Gradation causes consonants in a word to alternate between two grades, termed "strong" and "weak", depending on the grammar.
Estonian vowel chart, from Asu & Teras (2009:368). For some speakers, /ɤ/ can be more back (closer to /o/), or more back and higher (closer to /u/). There are 9 vowels and 36 diphthongs, 28 of which are native to Estonian. [1] All nine vowels can appear as the first component of a diphthong, but only /ɑ, e, i, o, u/ occur as the second component.
Estonian orthography is the system used for writing the Estonian language and is based on the Latin alphabet. The Estonian orthography is generally guided by phonemic principles, with each grapheme corresponding to one phoneme .
The Estonian language is the official language and the first language of the majority of the population of 1.4 million. Present-day Estonia has been inhabited by humans since at least 9,000 BC. The medieval indigenous population of Estonia was one of the last pagan civilisations in Europe to adopt Christianity following the Northern Crusades in ...
Inherited vocabulary in Estonian can be classified according to how far off they have cognates among the other Uralic languages. "Uralic" words have known cognates in the Samoyedic languages. "Finno-Ugric" words have known cognates at furthest in the Ugric languages. "Finno-Permic" words have known cognates at furthest in the Permic languages.
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