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The PRISMA flow diagram, depicting the flow of information through the different phases of a systematic review. PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) is an evidence-based minimum set of items aimed at helping scientific authors to report a wide array of systematic reviews and meta-analyses, primarily used to assess the benefits and harms of a health care ...
A systematic review is a scholarly synthesis of the evidence on a clearly presented topic using critical methods to identify, define and assess research on the topic. [1] A systematic review extracts and interprets data from published studies on the topic (in the scientific literature), then analyzes, describes, critically appraises and summarizes interpretations into a refined evidence-based ...
The PICO framework is also used to develop literature search strategies, for instance in systematic reviews. [3] The PICO acronym has come to stand for: [4] [5] P – Patient, problem or population; I – Intervention; C – Comparison, control or comparator [6] O – Outcome(s) (e.g. pain, fatigue, nausea, infections, death)
Systematic reviews and meta-analyses of randomized controlled trials can provide strong evidence of the clinical efficacy of particular treatments in given scenarios, which may, in turn, be incorporated into medical guidelines or institutional position papers (ideal sources for clinical recommendations). It is normally best to use reviews and ...
This publication laid the groundwork for CIOMS' 1982, 1993, 2002, 2009, and 2016 versions of International Ethical Guidelines for Health-Related Research Involving Humans. [3] These guidelines have been praised for including diverse stakeholders from low- and middle-income countries, compared to the Declaration of Helsinki written by physicians ...
The GRADE approach separates recommendations following from an evaluation of the evidence as strong or weak. A recommendation to use, or not use an option (e.g. an intervention), should be based on the trade-offs between desirable consequences of following a recommendation on the one hand, and undesirable consequences on the other.
In medical research, an umbrella review is a review of systematic reviews or meta-analyses. [1] [2] [3] They may also be called overviews of reviews, reviews of reviews, summaries of systematic reviews, or syntheses of reviews. [1] Umbrella reviews are among the highest levels of evidence currently available in medicine. [2]
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