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Two-dimensional photonic crystals called photonic-crystal fibers are used for fiber-optic communication, among other applications. Three-dimensional crystals may one day be used in optical computers , and could lead to more efficient photovoltaic cells .
However, waveguides can also have periodic changes in their cross-section while still allowing lossless transmission of light via so-called Bloch modes. Such waveguides are referred to as segmented waveguides (with a 1D patterning along the direction of propagation [8]) or as photonic crystal waveguides (with a 2D or 3D patterning [9]).
One-dimensional slabs with two dimensional order cause by selective removal of material, creating a pattern of holes or grooves in an otherwise homogeneous material is a popular photonic crystal structure used in sensing.
Nonlinear photonic crystals are usually used as quasi-phase-matching materials. They can be one-dimensional, [ 1 ] two-dimensional [ 2 ] or three-dimensional. [ 3 ]
When there is a defect in the periodic structure, the two-dimensional or three-dimensional photonic crystal structure will confine the light in the space of the diffractive limit and produce the Fano resonance phenomenon, which means a high quality factor with a strong light confinement for lasers. The fundamental feature of photonic crystals ...
The first report on Purcell-enhanced single-photon emission of a telecom-wavelength quantum dot in a two-dimensional photonic crystal cavity with a quality factor of 2,000 shows the enhancements of the emission rate and the intensity by five and six folds, respectively. [7]
A recent study presents a novel two-dimensional photonic crystal design for electro-reflective modulators, offering reduced size and enhanced efficiency compared to traditional bulky structures. This design achieves high optical transmission ratios with precise angle control, addressing critical challenges in miniaturizing optoelectronic ...
Another use of nanophotonic resonators in computers is in optical RAM (O-RAM). O-Ram uses photonic crystal slab structure with properties such as strong confinement of photons and carriers to replace the functions of electrical circuits. The use of optical signals versus electrical signals is a 66.7% decrease in power consumption. [22]