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the moral examples set by important Islamic personalities (such as the four rightly guided caliphs for Sunni Muslims); [15] works on Adab (i.e. etiquette, manners); [15] "philosophical reflection" by the school of Islam known as the Mu`tazilites and others; "works of Greek ethicists", (which were translated into Arabic); [15]
Terms associated with right-doing in Islam include: Akhlaq (Arabic: أخلاق) is the practice of virtue, morality and manners in Islamic theology and falsafah ().The science of ethics (`Ilm al-Akhlaq) teaches that through practice and conscious effort man can surpass their natural dispositions and natural state to become more ethical and well mannered.
In the Treatise's section "Of Pride and Humility, Their Objects and Causes", Hume wrote that courage is a cause of pride: "Every valuable quality of the mind, whether of the imagination, judgment, memory or disposition; wit, good-sense, learning, courage, justice, integrity; all these are the cause of pride; and their opposites of humility". [28]
In his essay Islam Through Western Eyes, the cultural critic Edward Said suggests that the Western view of Islam is particularly hostile for a range of religious, psychological and political reasons, all deriving from a sense "that so far as the West is concerned, Islam represents not only a formidable competitor but also a late-coming ...
In Islam, the Quran is believed to be the literal word of God, and the definitive description of virtue, and Muhammad is considered an ideal example of virtue in human form. The foundation of Islamic understanding of virtue was the understanding and interpretation of the Quran and the practices of Muhammad.
In Arabic ibadah is connected with related words such as "Ubudiyyah" ("slavery"), and has connotations of obedience, submission, and humility. The word linguistically means "obedience with submission". [3] In Islam, ibadah is usually translated as "worship" and means obedience, submission, and devotion to God. [4] [1]
There are many religions such as Christianity, Islam, and Hinduism that provide their followers with moral guidelines, emphasizing those found within their sacred texts. However it is important to realize that individual beliefs can vary from religious beliefs, contributing to the complexity of moral character.
The term simply meant "behavior" in pre-Islamic Arabia, although it included other norms and habits of conduct. The term does not appear very often in the 7th century (1st Islamic century). With the spread of Islam, it acquired a meaning of "practical ethics" (rather than directly religious strictures) around the 8th century.