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where E C is the effective composite Young's modulus, and V i and E i are the volume fraction and Young's moduli, respectively, of the composite phases. For example, a composite material made up of α and β phases as shown in the figure to the right under isostrain, the Young's modulus would be as follows: = + where V α and V β are the ...
A macroscopic example is the mule, which is more suited for hard work than either of its parents, the horse and the donkey. The size of the individual components and the nature of their interaction (covalent, electrostatic, etc.) do not enter into the definition of a hybrid material. [4]
Polymer chemistry is a sub-discipline of chemistry that focuses on the structures, chemical synthesis, and chemical and physical properties of polymers and macromolecules. The principles and methods used within polymer chemistry are also applicable through a wide range of other chemistry sub-disciplines like organic chemistry , analytical ...
The 2014 AP Chemistry exam was the first administration of a redesigned test as a result of a redesigning of the AP Chemistry course. The exam format is now different from the previous years, with 60 multiple choice questions (now with only four answer choices per question), 3 long free response questions, and 4 short free response questions.
A technical textile is a textile product manufactured for non-aesthetic purposes, where function is the primary criterion. [1] Technical textiles include textiles for automotive applications, medical textiles (e.g., implants), geotextiles (reinforcement of embankments), agrotextiles (textiles for crop protection), and protective clothing (e.g., heat and radiation protection for fire fighter ...
An example is The preferred CRU is an acyclic subunit of 4 carbon atoms with 4 free valences, one at each atom, as shown. It is oriented so that the lower left atom has the lowest number. The free-valence locants are written before the suffix, and they are cited clockwise from the lower left position as: lower-left, upper-left:upper-right ...
However once modified, short carbon nanotubes are able to further improve the stiffness of the composite, however there is still very little crack propagation countering. [11] In general, long and high aspect ratio carbon nanotubes lead to greater enhancement of mechanical properties, but are more difficult to process.
A fiber-reinforced composite (FRC) is a composite building material that consists of three components: [1] [2] the fibers as the discontinuous or dispersed phase, the matrix as the continuous phase, and; the fine interphase region, also known as the interface.