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  2. Sodalite - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sodalite

    Sodalite is a member of the sodalite group with hauyne, nosean, lazurite and tugtupite. The people of the Caral culture traded for sodalite from the Collao altiplano . [ 6 ] First discovered by Europeans in 1811 in the Ilimaussaq intrusive complex in Greenland , sodalite did not become widely important as an ornamental stone until 1891 when ...

  3. Lazurite - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lazurite

    Lazurite is a product of contact metamorphism of limestone and is typically associated with calcite, pyrite, diopside, humite, forsterite, hauyne and muscovite. [ 2 ] Other blue minerals, such as the carbonate mineral, azurite , and the phosphate mineral, lazulite , may be confused with lazurite, but are easily distinguished with careful ...

  4. Azure spar - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azure_spar

    Haüyne or prismatic azure spar is a transparent or translucent mineral, similar to lazurite, in composition sodium and calcium aluminosilicate with the ideal formula (Na,Ca) 4-8 Al 6 Si 6 (O,S) 24 (SO 4,Cl) 1-2 having a blue or blue color, sometimes with a greenish tint, [5] was also known among the azure spars.

  5. Hauyne - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hauyne

    lazurite Na 3 Ca(Si 3 Al 3)O 12 S; tsaregorodtsevite N(CH 3) 4 Si 4 (SiAl)O 12; tugtupite Na 4 BeAlSi 4 O 12 Cl; vladimirivanovite Na Na 6 Ca 2 [Al 6 Si 6 O 24](SO 4,S 3,S 2,Cl) 2 ·H 2 O; All these minerals are feldspathoids. Haüyne forms a solid solution with nosean and with sodalite. Complete solid solution exists between synthetic nosean ...

  6. Lazulite - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lazulite

    Lazulite or Azure spar [6]: 14 is a transparent to semi-opaque, blue mineral that is a phosphate of magnesium, iron, and aluminium, with the chemical formula (Mg,Fe 2+)Al 2 (PO 4) 2 (OH) 2. [3]

  7. Sar-i Sang - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sar-i_Sang

    Another Sar-e Sang Lazurite crystal, with the classic deep azure-blue color. Crystal is 4.5 cm wide. Sar-i Sang (or Sar-e Sang) (lit. "stone summit" in Persian) is a settlement in the Kuran Wa Munjan District of Badakhshan Province, Afghanistan, famous for its ancient lapis lazuli mines producing the world's finest lapis. [1]

  8. Ultramarine - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ultramarine

    The major component of lazurite is a complex sulfur-containing sodium-silicate (Na 8–10 Al 6 Si 6 O 24 S 2–4), which makes ultramarine the most complex of all mineral pigments. [10] Some chloride is often present in the crystal lattice as well. The blue color of the pigment is due to the S − 3 radical anion, which contains an unpaired ...

  9. Global silver trade from the 16th to 19th centuries - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Global_silver_trade_from...

    The room for arbitrage profit was further enlarged because of the silver content difference between silver ingots from Ming and Qing China and New World silver. [12] At the same time, China also made significant arbitrage earnings in the markets for silks, ceramics, and other non-silver goods, which formed a multiple arbitrage system. [ 11 ]