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The acoustic frequencies used in sonar systems vary from very low to extremely high . The study of underwater sound is known as underwater acoustics or hydroacoustics. The first recorded use of the technique was in 1490 by Leonardo da Vinci, who used a tube inserted into the water to detect vessels by ear. [6]
Asdic was the British version of sonar developed at the end of World War I based on the work of French physicist Paul Langevin and Russian engineer M. Constantin Chilowsky. The system was developed as a means to detect and locate submarines by their reflection of sound waves.
Following the First World War, when sonar was first used for the detection of submarines, echo sounders began to find uses outside the military. The French explorer Rallier du Baty reported unexpected midwater echoes, which he attributed to fish schools, in 1927.
In 1948 they introduced their fishfinder for use in commercial fishing vessels; the Furuno Fish Finder is the world's first practical fishfinder. [ 5 ] [ 6 ] The first fishfinder marketed to consumers in America for recreational fishing was the Lowrance Fish Lo-K-Tor (also nicknamed "The Little Green Box"), which was invented in 1957 and ...
One of the first commercial echo sounding units was the Fessenden Fathometer, which used the Fessenden oscillator to generate sound waves. This was first installed by the Submarine Signal Company in 1924 on the M&M [clarification needed] liner SS Berkshire. [5]
The term echolocation was coined by 1944 by the American zoologist Donald Griffin, who, with Robert Galambos, first demonstrated the phenomenon in bats. [1] [2] As Griffin described in his book, [3] the 18th century Italian scientist Lazzaro Spallanzani had, by means of a series of elaborate experiments, concluded that when bats fly at night, they rely on some sense besides vision, but he did ...
The experimental sonar used in the test, Towed Vertically Directive Source (TVDS) which had the dual 600 Hz and 3 kHz transducers, had been used for the first time in the Mediterranean Sea south of Sicily the year before in June 1995.
First SOSUS stations. Sound Surveillance System (SOSUS) was the original name for a submarine detection system based on passive sonar developed by the United States Navy to track Soviet submarines.