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  2. Audience design - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Audience_design

    The audience design framework distinguishes between several kinds of audience types based on three criteria from the perspective of the speaker: known (whether an addressee is known to be part of a speech context), ratified (the speaker acknowledges the listener's presence in the speech context), or addressed (the listener is directly spoken to).

  3. Uses of English verb forms - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uses_of_English_verb_forms

    In a present indicative construction, the finite verb appears in its base form, or in its -s form if its subject is third-person singular. (The verb be has the forms am, is, are, while the modal verbs do not add -s for third-person singular.) For the present subjunctive, see English subjunctive. (The present subjunctive has no particular ...

  4. English grammar - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/English_grammar

    The passive voice is formed using the verb be (in the appropriate tense or form) with the past participle of the verb in question: cars are driven, he was killed, I am being tickled, it is nice to be pampered, etc. The performer of the action may be introduced in a prepositional phrase with by (as in they were killed by the invaders).

  5. Modes of persuasion - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modes_of_persuasion

    Pathos (plural: pathea) is an appeal to the audience's emotions. [6]: 42 The terms sympathy, pathetic, and empathy are derived from it. It can be in the form of metaphor, simile, a passionate delivery, or even a simple claim that a matter is unjust. Pathos can be particularly powerful if used well, but most speeches do not solely rely on pathos.

  6. Voice (grammar) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voice_(grammar)

    The following pair of examples illustrates the contrast between active and passive voice in English. In sentence (1), the verb form ate is in the active voice, but in sentence (2), the verb form was eaten is in the passive voice. Independent of voice, the cat is the Agent (the doer) of the action of eating in both sentences.

  7. List of linguistic example sentences - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_linguistic_example...

    Kees Torn expanded on the example given in the German section ("Als achter vliegen vliegen vliegen, vliegen vliegen vliegen achterna. "), from which he created: "Als, in de plaats waar van de makkelijk te zeven zeven zeven zeven zeven zeven zeven, Zeven, zeven zeven zeven zeven zeven, zeven zeven zeven zeven zeven. " [41] which uses the fact ...

  8. Verb - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Verb

    For example: "The players gave their teammates high fives." "The players gave high fives to their teammates." When two noun phrases follow a transitive verb, the first is an indirect object, that which is receiving something, and the second is a direct object, that being acted upon. Indirect objects can be noun phrases or prepositional phrases. [4]

  9. Indirect speech - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indirect_speech

    Some examples of changes in form in indirect speech in English are given below. See also Sequence of tenses, and Uses of English verb forms § Indirect speech. It is raining hard. She says that it is raining hard. (no change) [4] She said that it was raining hard. (change of tense when the main verb is past tense) I have painted the ceiling blue.