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T-cell depletion (TCD) is the process of T cell removal or reduction, which alters the immune system and its responses. Depletion can occur naturally (i.e. in HIV ) or be induced for treatment purposes.
T cell deficiency is a deficiency of T cells, caused by decreased function of individual T cells, it causes an immunodeficiency of cell-mediated immunity. [1] T cells normal function is to help with the human body's immunity, they are one of the two primary types of lymphocytes (the other being B cells ).
Furthermore, T cell exhaustion is reverted after depletion of Treg cells and blockade of PD1. [71] T cell exhaustion can also occur during sepsis as a result of cytokine storm. Later after the initial septic encounter anti-inflammatory cytokines and pro-apoptotic proteins take over to protect the body from damage.
During the acute phase, HIV-induced cell lysis and killing of infected cells by cytotoxic T cells accounts for CD4 + T cell depletion, although apoptosis may also be a factor. During the chronic phase, the consequences of generalized immune activation coupled with the gradual loss of the ability of the immune system to generate new T cells ...
If autoreactive cells escape clonal deletion, there are mechanisms in the periphery involving T regulatory cells to prevent the host from obtaining an autoimmune disease. [7] However, for both B and T cells in the primary lymphoid organs, clonal deletion is the most common form of negative selection.
Autoreactive T cells must be eliminated from the body or skewed into the T Regulatory cells (TRegs) lineage to prevent manifestations of autoimmunity. mTECs possess the ability to deal with these autoreactive clones via mediation of the processes of central tolerance, namely clonal deletion or T regulatory cells selection, respectively. N.B.:
Hyperactivation of sympathetic nerves drives depletion of melanocyte stem cells. Nature . Quantitative mapping of human hair greying and reversal in relation to life stress.
Some T reg cell depletion strategies have been tested in SIV infected nonhuman primates, and shown to cause viral reactivation and enhanced SIV specific CD8 + T cell responses. [64] Regulatory T cells have a large role in the pathology of visceral leishmaniasis and in preventing excess inflammation in patients cured of visceral leishmaniasis.