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Rodents such as rats are the most common model in researching effects of cardiovascular disease, as the effects on rodents mimic those in humans. [12] Rats have also been used as tools in research to try to find if there is a difference in the effects of cocaine on adults versus adolescents. [13]
Microdosing is a process whereby volunteers are administered a small dose of a test compound allowing researchers to investigate its pharmacological affects without harming the volunteers. Microdosing can replace the use of animals in pre-clinical drug screening and can reduce the number of animals used in safety and toxicity testing. [351]
Inversely, the individual rodents that survived anticoagulant bait poisoning (rest population) can be eradicated by pre-baiting them with nontoxic bait for a week or two (this is important to overcome bait shyness, and to get rodents used to feeding in specific areas by specific food, especially in eradicating rats) and subsequently applying ...
A separate issue is the use of testing on animals as a means of initial testing during drug development, or actual production. [40] Guiding principles for more ethical use of animals in testing are the Three Rs first described by Russell and Burch in 1959. [41] These principles are now followed in many testing establishments worldwide.
Laboratory rats or lab rats are strains of the rat subspecies Rattus norvegicus domestica (Domestic Norwegian rat) which are bred and kept for scientific research. While less commonly used for research than laboratory mice , rats have served as an important animal model for research in psychology and biomedical science [ 1 ] , and "lab rat" is ...
Both mice and rats are relatively small, easily handled, have a short generation time, and are genetically inbred. While mice have proven to be a useful rodent model and techniques have been developed for routine disruption of their genes, in many circumstances rats are considered a superior laboratory animal for studying and modeling human ...
For instance, behavioral analogues of anxiety or pain in laboratory animals can be used to screen and test new drugs for the treatment of these conditions in humans. A 2000 study found that animal models concorded (coincided on true positives and false negatives) with human toxicity in 71% of cases, with 63% for nonrodents alone and 43% for ...
The term rat is also used in the names of other small mammals that are not true rats. Examples include the North American pack rats (aka wood rats [3]) and a number of species loosely called kangaroo rats. [3] Rats such as the bandicoot rat (Bandicota bengalensis) are murine rodents related to true rats but are not members of the genus Rattus ...