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With these losses, Spain relied primarily on its American colonies to maintain its position as a European power. [10] The Bourbon Reforms transitioned Spain's economic policy to be increasingly mercantilist, [21] an economic policy in which countries maximize their exports and minimize their imports to secure greater portion of wealth from a ...
in The Origins of Bourbon Reform in Spanish South America, 1700–1763 (Palgrave Macmillan, 2014) pp. 43–62. Petrie, Sir Charles (1958). The Spanish Royal House. London, England: Geoffrey Bles. Storrs, Christopher. "The Spanish Risorgimento in the Western Mediterranean and Italy 1707–1748." European History Quarterly 42.4 (2012): 555–577.
Unlike the absolutist Ancien Régime, the Restoration Bourbon regime was a constitutional monarchy, with some limits on its power. The new king, Louis XVIII, accepted the vast majority of reforms instituted from 1792 to 1814. Continuity was his basic policy. He did not try to recover land and property taken from the royalist exiles.
After the War of the Spanish Succession, the Bourbon dynasty was to rule the Spanish crown, on the concession to their enemies that the Spanish and French crowns were never merged, and the cession of Spanish possessions elsewhere in Europe. Once they consolidated rule in Spain, the Bourbon monarchs embarked upon a series of reforms to ...
The Restoration period was characterized by political instability, economic challenges, and social unrest. Key issues that defined the period include: [1] [2] Political conservatism: The Restoration was marked by a resurgence of conservative politics and the restoration of the Bourbon monarchy.
The year 1776 was a period of enlightenment and change for Spain, a nation then under the rule of King Charles III, one of the most progressive Bourbon monarchs. This era, part of the Age of Enlightenment in Europe, saw Spain grapple with internal reforms and external challenges that would shape its trajectory towards modernization.
France (Bourbon Restoration) Middle class against Bourbon King Charles X Charles X which forced him out of office and replaced him with the Orleanist King Louis-Philippe (the "July Monarchy") 1830–1831 November uprising: Russian Empire: Congress Poland. National Government; Russian victory Ustertag revolution Canton of Zürich: Rebels 1830 ...
Cover of the Nueva Planta decrees of the Principality of Catalonia. The Nueva Planta decrees (Spanish: Decretos de Nueva Planta, Catalan: Decrets de Nova Planta, English: "Decrees of the New Plant") [a] were a number of decrees signed between 1707 and 1716 by Philip V, the first Bourbon King of Spain, during and shortly after the end of the War of the Spanish Succession by the Treaty of Utrecht.