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Resources, events, agents (REA) is a model of how an accounting system can be re-engineered for the computer age.REA was originally proposed in 1982 by William E. McCarthy as a generalized accounting model, [1] and contained the concepts of resources, events and agents (McCarthy 1982).
A ratio's values may be distorted as account balances change from the beginning to the end of an accounting period. Use average values for such accounts whenever possible. Financial ratios are no more objective than the accounting methods employed. Changes in accounting policies or choices can yield drastically different ratio values. [6]
These include single-rule methods and variable size rule methods. [14] Single rule methods: 5% of pre-tax income; 0.5% of total assets; 1% of equity; 1% of total revenue. "Sliding scale" or variable-size methods: 2% to 5% of gross profit if less than $20,000; 1% to 2% of gross profit, if gross profit is more than $20,000 but less than $1,000,000;
Financial statement analysis (or just financial analysis) is the process of reviewing and analyzing a company's financial statements to make better economic decisions to earn income in future. These statements include the income statement , balance sheet , statement of cash flows , notes to accounts and a statement of changes in equity (if ...
Accounting research is carried out both by academic researchers and by practicing accountants.Academic accounting research addresses all areas of the accounting profession, and examines issues using the scientific method; it uses evidence from a wide variety of sources, including financial information, experiments, computer simulations, interviews, surveys, historical records, and ethnography.
Risk accounting is an extension of management accounting, aiming to enhance corporate reporting by measuring and documenting the potential future financial effects of various non-financial risks. [ 1 ] [ 3 ] [ 4 ] These include cyber , supply chain , operational , environmental , geopolitical , conduct, fraud, model, and other types of risks.
Control self-assessment – Control self-assessment is a technique developed in 1987 that is used by a wide range of organisations including corporations, charities and government departments, to assess the effectiveness of their risk management and control processes. [3] [4] In certain circumstances control self-assessment is not always ...
The method can be used to assess environmental burdens associated with the economic activities of a nation and to determine how material intensive an economy is. The principle concept underlying MFA is a simple model of this interrelation between the economy and the environment, in which the economy is an embedded subsystem of the environment.