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Nor was the firm "peer reviewed", in which auditors check out one another for quality control. According to the American Institute of Certified Public Accountants (AICPA), Friehling was enrolled in their peer-review program, but was not required to participate because he advised the group that he had not conducted audits for 15 years.
A 1995 survey of North American journal editors found that 57% felt responsible for the honesty of the pharmaceutical advertisements they ran and 40% supported peer-review of such advertisements. [17] An interest in increasing advertising revenue can conflict with interests in journalistic independence and truthfulness.
486 Chinese cancer researchers were found guilty of engaging in a fraudulent peer-review scheme by China's Ministry of Science and Technology. The investigation was initiated after the retraction of 107 papers published in Tumor Biology between 2012 and 2016. [329] [330] This is reported to be the most papers retracted from one journal. [331]
Various journal review websites (crowd-sourced or expert-run) have been started, some focusing on the quality of the peer review process and extending to non-OA publications. [127] [128] A group of libraries and publishers launched an awareness campaign. [129] [130] A number of measures have been suggested to further combat predatory journals.
Peer review in writing is a pivotal component among various peer review mechanisms, often spearheaded by educators and involving student participation, particularly in academic settings. It constitutes a fundamental process in academic and professional writing, serving as a systematic means to ensure the quality, effectiveness, and credibility ...
Returned with an HTTP/2 GOAWAY frame if the compressed length of any of the headers exceeds 8K bytes or if more than 10K requests are served through one connection. [55] 460 Client closed the connection with the load balancer before the idle timeout period elapsed. Typically, when client timeout is sooner than the Elastic Load Balancer's ...
Sham peer review or malicious peer review is a name given to the abuse of a medical peer review process to attack a doctor for personal or other non-medical reasons. [1] The American Medical Association conducted an investigation of medical peer review in 2007 and concluded that while it is easy to allege misconduct and 15% of surveyed physicians indicated that they were aware of peer review ...
Open peer review is the various possible modifications of the traditional scholarly peer review process. The three most common modifications to which the term is applied are: [ 1 ] Open identities: Authors and reviewers are aware of each other's identity.