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Linear pulse-code modulation (LPCM, generally only described as PCM) is the format for uncompressed audio in media files and it is also the standard for CD-DA; note that in computers, LPCM is usually stored in container formats such as WAV, AIFF, or AU, or as raw audio format, although not technically necessary. FFmpeg; Pulse-density modulation ...
It has been applied in areas such as computational economics, computational sociology, computational media analysis, cliodynamics, culturomics, nonprofit studies. [1] It focuses on investigating social and behavioral relationships and interactions using data science approaches (such as machine learning or rule-based analysis), network analysis ...
The discipline of computational politics has emerged with growing use of social media and recent breakthroughs in computational methods. [1] [3] Social media has provided scientific researchers and campaign strategists with an unprecedented scale of latent, user-generated data, and there have been recent developments in computer science to store and manage large collections of data. [3]
On PCs, PCM and LPCM often refer to the format used in WAV (defined in 1991) and AIFF audio container formats (defined in 1988). LPCM data may also be stored in other formats such as AU, raw audio format (header-less file) and various multimedia container formats. LPCM has been defined as a part of the DVD (since 1995) and Blu-ray (since 2006 ...
An economic system, or economic order, [1] is a system of production, resource allocation and distribution of goods and services within a society. It includes the combination of the various institutions, agencies, entities, decision-making processes, and patterns of consumption that comprise the economic structure of a given community.
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A PCM signal is a sequence of digital audio samples containing the data providing the necessary information to reconstruct the original analog signal.Each sample represents the amplitude of the signal at a specific point in time, and the samples are uniformly spaced in time.
Political economy most commonly refers to interdisciplinary studies drawing upon economics, sociology and political science in explaining how political institutions, the political environment, and the economic system—capitalist, socialist, communist, or mixed—influence each other. [14]