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I am interested in the ways in which Kautilya's theory of mandala has been interpreted by historians for the purpose of studying ancient states in South and Southeast Asia. Lieberman, Victor, Strange Parallels: Southeast Asia in Global Context, c. 800-1830, Volume 1: Integration on the Mainland, Cambridge University Press, 2003.
The political relations and system relating to its realms is described as a mandala model, typical of that of classical Southeast Asian Hindu-Buddhist kingdoms. It could be described as federation of kingdoms or vassalised polity under a centre of domination, namely the central Kadatuan Srivijaya.
Historian Victor Lieberman preferred the metaphor of a "solar polity," [8] as in the solar system, where there is one central body, the sun, and the components or planets of the solar system. [9] The "Rajamandala" concept of ancient India was the prototype for the Mandala model of South East Asian political systems in later centuries ...
Kedatuan, another term for the system of independent and semi-independent city-states in Maritime Southeast Asia; Mueang, similar concept in mainland Southeast Asia, especially in Thailand and Laos; Mandala, political model in ancient Southeast Asia; Christianization; Indian cultural influences in early Philippine polities
Ayutthaya politically followed the mandala system, commonly used throughout Southeast Asia kingdoms before the 19th century. In the 17th century, the Ayutthaya monarchs were able to frequently appoint non-natives as governors of Ayutthaya-controlled towns and cities, in order to prevent competition from its nobility.
The term mandala derived from Sanskrit "circle" to explain the typical ancient Southeast Asian polity that was defined by its centre rather than its boundaries, and it could be composed of numerous other tributary polities without undergoing administrative integration. [105]
Mandala (political model), a political model in medieval Southeast Asia Mandal , another word for Tehsil, an administrative division of some countries of South Asia Monthon , a former subdivision of Thailand
In pre-modern Southeast Asia, traditional polities were not defined by territorial borders but rather a network and a hierarchy of alliances and tributary obligations defined by the mandala system. The multicultural Siamese empire had hosted a number of tributary states including Lanna Chiangmai , the Lao Kingdoms of Luang Phrabang and ...