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The Rules of Sociological Method (French: Les Règles de la méthode sociologique) is a book by Émile Durkheim, first published in 1895. It is recognized as being the direct result of Durkheim's own project of establishing sociology as a positivist social science.
In The Rules of Sociological Method Durkheim laid out a theory of sociology as "the science of social facts". He considered social facts to "consist of representations and actions" which meant that "they cannot be confused with organic phenomena, nor with physical phenomena, which have no existence save in and through the individual consciousness."
Durkheim's first major sociological work was De la division du travail social (1893; The Division of Labour in Society), followed in 1895 by Les Règles de la méthode sociologique (The Rules of Sociological Method). Also in 1895 Durkheim set up the first European department of sociology and became France's first professor of sociology. [4 ...
Durkheim set up the first European department of sociology at the University of Bordeaux in 1895, publishing his Rules of the Sociological Method (1895). [40] For Durkheim, sociology could be described as the "science of institutions, their genesis and their functioning." [41] Durkheim's monograph Suicide (1897) is considered a seminal work in ...
Durkheim suggested that in a "primitive" society, mechanical solidarity, with people acting and thinking alike and with a shared collective conscience, is what allows social order to be maintained. In such a society, Durkheim viewed crime as an act that "offends strong and defined states of the collective conscience" though he viewed crime as a ...
Jerzy Szacki, Durkheim, Common Knowledge, Warsaw 1964, p. 251. Steve Taylor, Durkheim and the Study of Suicide, Macmillan, 249 pp, July 1982, ISBN 0 333 28645 6 Emile Durkheim and Steven Lukes, (translated by W.D. Halls), The Rules of Sociological Method and Selected Texts on Sociology and its Method, Macmillan, 264 pp, November 1982, ISBN 0 333 28071 7
There is some debate within sociology regarding whether the label of 'comparative' is suitable. Emile Durkheim argued in The Rules of Sociological Method (1895) that all sociological research was in fact comparative since social phenomenon are always held to be typical, representative or unique, all of which imply some sort of comparison.
According to Durkheim, the type of solidarity will correlate with the type of society, either mechanical or organic society. The two types of solidarity can be distinguished by morphological and demographic features, type of norms in existence, and the intensity and content of the conscience collective. [2]