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Internal combustion engines date back to between the 10th and 13th centuries, when the first rocket engines were invented in China. Following the first commercial steam engine (a type of external combustion engine) by Thomas Savery in 1698, various efforts were made during the 18th century to develop equivalent internal combustion engines.
Internal combustion engine Signature Rudolf Christian Karl Diesel ( English: / ˈ d iː z əl ˌ - s əl / , [ 1 ] German: [ˈdiːzl̩] ⓘ ; 18 March 1858 – 29 September 1913) was a German [ note 1 ] inventor and mechanical engineer who invented the Diesel engine , which burns Diesel fuel ; both are named after him.
It is the most efficient and powerful reciprocating internal combustion engine in the world with a thermal efficiency over 50%. [ 31 ] [ 32 ] [ 33 ] For comparison, the most efficient small four-stroke engines are around 43% thermally-efficient (SAE 900648); [ citation needed ] size is an advantage for efficiency due to the increase in the ...
1952 Shell Oil film showing the development of the diesel engine from 1877. The diesel engine, named after the German engineer Rudolf Diesel, is an internal combustion engine in which ignition of the fuel is caused by the elevated temperature of the air in the cylinder due to mechanical compression; thus, the diesel engine is called a compression-ignition engine (CI engine).
The efficiency of internal combustion engines depends on several factors, the most important of which is the expansion ratio. For any heat engine the work which can be extracted from it is proportional to the difference between the starting pressure and the ending pressure during the expansion phase.
The Atkinson-cycle engine is a type of internal combustion engine invented by James Atkinson in 1882. The Atkinson cycle is designed to provide efficiency at the expense of power density . A variation of this approach is used in some modern automobile engines.
The engine has a claim to be the world's first internal combustion engine and contained some features of modern engines including spark ignition and the use of hydrogen gas as a fuel. Starting with a stationary engine suitable to work a pump in 1804, de Rivaz progressed to a small experimental vehicle built in 1807, which was the first wheeled ...
The expansion ratio of this engine was much more effective than that of the 1860 Lenoir engine and gave the engine its superior efficiency. The Lenoir engine was an engine that burned fuel without first trying to compress the fuel/mixture. The Otto/Langen atmospheric engine ran at 12% efficiency and produced .5 hp (0.37 kW; 0.51 PS) at 80