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Chlorine is a respiratory irritant that attacks mucous membranes and burns the skin. As little as 3.53 ppm can be detected as an odor, and 1000 ppm is likely to be fatal after a few deep breaths. Exposure to chlorine has been limited to 0.5 ppm (8-hour time-weighted average—38-hour week) by the U.S. OSHA . [ 9 ]
A sodium hypochlorite cleanser is used to cleanse and soothe skin that is prone to infection and conditions such as eczema, atopic dermatitis, folliculitis and other skin conditions. [12] The idea for cleansers came from bleach baths which were used to kill bacteria to prevent infections and treat infections after they occurred.
It is commonly known in a dilute aqueous solution as bleach or chlorine bleach. [4] It is the sodium salt of hypochlorous acid, consisting of sodium cations (Na +) and hypochlorite anions (− OCl, also written as OCl − and ClO −). The anhydrous compound is unstable and may decompose explosively.
The grade of chlorine-based bleaches is often expressed as percent active chlorine. One gram of 100% active chlorine bleach has the same bleaching power as one gram of elemental chlorine. The most common chlorine-based bleaches are: Sodium hypochlorite (NaClO), usually as a 3–6% solution in water, usually called "liquid bleach" or just "bleach".
"Beach and vinegar create chlorine gas, which can irritate your eyes, nose, and throat, leading to breathing problems, coughing, watery eyes, and nausea," says Edelman. Vinegar and Hydrogen Peroxide
Oxygen bleach is also called color-safe bleach, non-chlorine bleach, or oxygenated bleach. Its active ingredient is typically hydrogen peroxide, although some formulas contain sodium percarbonate ...
The concentration chosen by Dakin (0.5%) was the maximum highest concentration found tolerable to the skin. It is the concentration recommended by the U.S. Centers for Disease Control (CDC) as a household disinfectant. [ 19 ]
Skin whitening, also known as skin lightening and skin bleaching, is the practice of using chemical substances in an attempt to lighten the skin or provide an even skin color by reducing the melanin concentration in the skin. Several chemicals have been shown to be effective in skin whitening, while some have proven to be toxic or have ...