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The nuclear receptor coactivator 1 (NCOA1), also called steroid receptor coactivator-1 (SRC-1), is a transcriptional coregulatory protein that contains several nuclear receptor–interacting domains and possesses intrinsic histone acetyltransferase activity. [5] [6] It is encoded by the gene NCOA1. [7]
Some coactivators indirectly regulate gene expression by binding to an activator and inducing a conformational change that then allows the activator to bind to the DNA enhancer or promoter sequence. [ 2 ] [ 7 ] [ 8 ] Once the activator-coactivator complex binds to the enhancer, RNA polymerase II and other general transcription machinery are ...
[23] [24] Through their activation, PGC-1α seems to activate NF-kappa-B. Increased activity of NF-kappa-B in muscle has recently been demonstrated following induction of PGC-1α. [25] The finding seems to be controversial. Other groups found that PGC-1s inhibit NF-kappa-B activity. [26] The effect was demonstrated for PGC-1 alpha and beta.
Activator proteins consist of two main domains: a DNA-binding domain that binds to a DNA sequence specific to the activator, and an activation domain that functions to increase gene transcription by interacting with other molecules. [1] Activator DNA-binding domains come in a variety of conformations, including the helix-turn-helix, zinc finger ...
Nuclear receptors are specific to metazoans (animals) and are not found in protists, algae, fungi, or plants. [8] Amongst the early-branching animal lineages with sequenced genomes, two have been reported from the sponge Amphimedon queenslandica, two from the comb jelly Mnemiopsis leidyi [9] four from the placozoan Trichoplax adhaerens and 17 from the cnidarian Nematostella vectensis. [10]
[10] Mediator subunits have many intrinsically disordered regions called "splines", which may be important to allow the structural changes of the mediator that change the function of the complex. [ 3 ] [ d ] The figure shows how the splines of the Med 14 subunit connect a large portion of the complex together while still allowing flexibility.
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR-γ or PPARG), also known as the glitazone reverse insulin resistance receptor, or NR1C3 (nuclear receptor subfamily 1, group C, member 3) is a type II nuclear receptor functioning as a transcription factor that in humans is encoded by the PPARG gene. [5] [6] [7]
Receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-Β ligand (RANKL), also known as tumor necrosis factor ligand superfamily member 11 (TNFSF11), TNF-related activation-induced cytokine (TRANCE), osteoprotegerin ligand (OPGL), and osteoclast differentiation factor (ODF), is a protein that in humans is encoded by the TNFSF11 gene.