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Hydrogen gas is produced by several industrial methods. [1] Nearly all of the world's current supply of hydrogen is created from fossil fuels. [2] [3]: 1 Most hydrogen is gray hydrogen made through steam methane reforming. In this process, hydrogen is produced from a chemical reaction between steam and methane, the
Hydrogen produced by steam reforming is termed 'grey' hydrogen when the waste carbon dioxide is released to the atmosphere and 'blue' hydrogen when the carbon dioxide is (mostly) captured and stored geologically—see carbon capture and storage.
A closely related artificially produced form of hydrogen is green hydrogen which is produced from renewable energy sources such as wind or solar energy. Non-renewable forms of hydrogen include grey, brown, blue or black hydrogen which are obtained from the processing of fossil fuels. [5]
The Hydrogen Expedition is currently working to create a hydrogen fuel cell-powered ship and using it to circumnavigate the globe, as a way to demonstrate the capability of hydrogen fuel cells. [133] In August 2021 the UK Government claimed it was the first to have a Hydrogen Strategy and produced a document. [134]
Most of the time, hydrogen is made by splitting methane (CH 4) into carbon dioxide (CO 2) and hydrogen (H 2) via steam reforming. This is a carbon-intensive process that means for every kilogram of “grey” hydrogen produced, approximately 10 kilograms of CO 2 are emitted into the atmosphere. [2]
Role in the Hydrogen Economy As part of a sustainable hydrogen economy, photoelectrolysis presents a promising avenue for clean hydrogen production. Although currently more expensive than traditional methods like steam methane reforming, the potential for technological advancements could make it more economically viable.
Microbial hydrogen production. Biohydrogen is H 2 that is produced biologically. [1] Interest is high in this technology because H 2 is a clean fuel and can be readily produced from certain kinds of biomass, [2] including biological waste. [3]
Typical eukaryotic cell. Cellular respiration is the process by which biological fuels are broken down in the presence of a hydrogen acceptor, such as oxygen, to drive the production of adenosine triphosphate (ATP), which stores chemical energy in a biologically accessible form.