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It has also been hypothesized that polyaxial screws add a safety benefit by failing in the housing/screw interface before breaking in the shaft of the bone screw or in the orthopaedic rod. Unlike standard lateral mass plate and screw systems, the new cervical polyaxial screw and rod system easily accommodates severe degenerative cervical ...
Roof: Investing layer of the deep cervical fascia. Floor: (From superior to inferior) 1) M. semispinalis capitis 2) M. splenius capitis 3) M. levator scapulae 4) M. scalenus posterior 5) M. scalenus medius
The deep cervical lymph nodes are subdivided into a superior group and an inferior group. [3] [4] Alternatively, they can be divided into deep anterior cervical lymph nodes and deep lateral cervical lymph nodes. [citation needed] They can also be divided into three groups: "superior deep jugular", "middle deep jugular", and "inferior deep ...
The occipital lymph nodes, one to three in number, are located on the back of the head close to the margin of the trapezius and resting on the insertion of the semispinalis capitis.
The classification of the cervical lymph nodes is generally attributed to Henri Rouvière in his 1932 publication "Anatomie des Lymphatiques de l'Homme" [6] [7] Rouviere described the cervical lymph nodes as a collar which surrounded the upper aerodigestive tract, consisting of submental, facial, submandibular, parotid, mastoid, occipital and retropharyngeal nodes, together with two chains ...
The transverse processes are large; they project laterally and downward from the lateral masses, and serve for the attachment of muscles which assist in rotating the head. They are long, and their anterior and posterior tubercles are fused into one mass; the foramen transversarium is directed from below, upward and backward.
The superficial cervical lymph nodes are lymph nodes that lie near the surface of the neck.. Some sources state simply that they lie along the external jugular vein, [1] while other sources state that they are only adjacent to the external jugular vein in the posterior triangle, and they are adjacent to the anterior jugular vein in the anterior triangle.
The stellate ganglia may be cut in order to decrease the symptoms exhibited by Raynaud's phenomenon and hyperhydrosis (extreme sweating) of the hands. Injection of local anesthetics near the stellate ganglion can sometimes mitigate the symptoms of sympathetically mediated pain such as complex regional pain syndrome type I (reflex sympathetic dystrophy), and symptoms associated with alterations ...