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  2. Knowledge (legal construct) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Knowledge_(legal_construct)

    In law, knowledge is one of the degrees of mens rea that constitute part of a crime.For example, in English law, the offence of knowingly being a passenger in a vehicle taken without consent requires that the prosecution prove not only that the defendant was a passenger in a vehicle and that it was taken by the driver without consent, but also that the defendant knew that it was taken without ...

  3. Intention (criminal law) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intention_(criminal_law)

    Intent is defined in English law by the ruling in R v Mohan [1976] QB 1 as "the decision to bring about a prohibited consequence" (malum prohibitum). [1] [2] [3] A range of words represents shades of intent in criminal laws around the world. The mental element, or mens rea, of murder, for example, was historically called malice aforethought.

  4. Scienter - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scienter

    Scienter is generally used as a necessary condition of certain causes of civil action and as a standard for civil liability or criminal guilt.For instance, Section 1960 of Title 18 of the United States Code provides a scienter condition, requiring that the accused "knowingly conducts, controls, manages, supervises, directs, or owns" a prohibited type of business.

  5. Intention in English law - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intention_in_English_law

    Judges normally do not define intention for juries, and the weight of authority is to give it its current meaning in everyday language as directed by the House of Lords in R v Moloney, [1] where can be found references to a number of definitions of intention using subjective and objective tests, and knowledge of consequences of actions or omissions.

  6. Willful ignorance - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Willful_ignorance

    Willful ignorance is sometimes called willful blindness, contrived ignorance, conscious avoidance, [4] intentional ignorance, or Nelsonian knowledge. [ 5 ] The jury instruction for willful blindness is sometimes called the " ostrich instruction ".

  7. Baden v Société Générale - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baden_v_Société_Générale

    Price submits that knowledge can comprise any one of five different mental states which he described as follows: (i) actual knowledge; (ii) wilfully shutting one's eyes to the obvious; (iii) wilfully and recklessly failing to make such inquiries as an honest and reasonable man would make; (iv) knowledge of circumstances which would indicate the ...

  8. Intension - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intension

    In any of several fields of study that treat the use of signs—for example, in linguistics, logic, mathematics, semantics, semiotics, and philosophy of language—an intension is any property or quality connoted by a word, phrase, or another symbol. [1] In the case of a word, the word's definition often implies an intension.

  9. Original intent - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Original_intent

    Original intent is a theory in law concerning constitutional and statutory interpretation. It is frequently used as a synonym for originalism; while original intent is one theory in the originalist family, it has some salient differences which has led originalists from more predominant schools of thought such as original meaning to distinguish original intent as much as legal realists do.