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In Colonial America, local doctors, midwives, healers and even officials administered medical care to the residents in their village or town. [2] There was no distinction between physicians and surgeons; when an emergency occurred the person who was responsible for administering medical care was expected to handle all aspects of the problem. [2]
1976 Philadelphia Legionnaires' disease outbreak; 1976 swine flu outbreak; 1987 Carroll County cryptosporidiosis outbreak; 1990–1991 Philadelphia measles outbreak; 1993 Four Corners hantavirus outbreak; 1992–1993 Jack in the Box E. coli outbreak; 1993 Milwaukee cryptosporidiosis outbreak; 1996 Odwalla E. coli outbreak
Widespread non-communicable diseases such as cardiovascular disease and cancer are not included. An epidemic is the rapid spread of disease to a large number of people in a given population within a short period of time; in meningococcal infections , an attack rate in excess of 15 cases per 100,000 people for two consecutive weeks is considered ...
Washington understood the destructive nature of smallpox and other diseases such as malaria, diphtheria, and scarlet fever. He was one of the first to introduce the idea of compulsory health initiatives such as widespread inoculation. Washington also had experience with disease outside the realm of combat and war.
The outbreak was the first time in American medicine where the press was used to inform (or alarm) the general public about a health crisis. [1] The New England Courant , under the leadership of its new editor 16 year-old Benjamin Franklin , continued to publish satirical articles about the Mather and inoculation in the months following the ...
Health authorities worked quickly to assess and eradicate the disease. [6] Approximately $2 million was spent between 1907 and 1911 to kill as many rats as possible in the city in order to control one of the disease's vectors. [7] In June 1908, 160 more cases had been identified, including 78 deaths, a much lower mortality rate than 1900–1904 ...
However, some researchers have argued that yellow fever might have existed in the Americas during the pre-Columbian period as mosquitoes of the genus Haemagogus, which is indigenous to the Americas, have been known to carry the disease. [5] The first outbreaks of disease that were probably yellow fever occurred in the Windward Islands of the ...
The mentally ill in America-A History of their care and treatment from colonial times (1937). Duffy, John. From Humors to Medical Science: A History of American Medicine (2nd ed. 1993) Duffy, John. The Sanitarians: A History of American Public Health (1990) Grob, Gerald M. The Deadly Truth: A History of Disease in America (2002) online