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The practice of intracardiac injection originated in the 1800s. It was commonly performed during the 1960s, as it was considered the fastest way to get medication to the heart. The practice began declining during the 1970s as more reliable delivery methods (i.e., intravenous , endotracheal , and intraosseous ) came into use.
Guidelines on the choice of agents and how best to step up treatment for various subgroups in hypertension (high blood pressure) have changed over time and differ between countries. A Comparison of International Guidelines on Goal Blood Pressure and Initial Therapy for Adults With Hypertension (adapted from JNC 8 guidelines [ 1 ] )
Hypertension is usually treated to achieve a blood pressure of below 140/90 mmHg to 160/100 mmHg. According to one 2003 review, reduction of the blood pressure by 5 mmHg can decrease the risk of stroke by 34% and of ischaemic heart disease by 21% and reduce the likelihood of dementia, heart failure, and mortality from cardiovascular disease. [1]
In addition, hypertension precedes heart failure in 90% of cases, [7] and the majority of heart failure in the elderly may be attributable to hypertension. [17] Hypertensive heart disease was estimated to be responsible for 1.0 million deaths worldwide in 2004 (or approximately 1.7% of all deaths globally), and was ranked 13th in the leading ...
<1 hr 25% reduction in the mean arterial pressure, diastolic blood pressure above 100 2-6 hr Systolic BP < 160 mmHg or Diastolic BP <110 mmHg 6-24 hr monitor BP targets, ensure non-rapid drop in BPs below 160 SBP or 100 DBP 1-2 d if no end-organ damage, monitor out-patient and JNC8 Guidelines for maintaining BP control
KCl is also sometimes used in fetal intracardiac injections in second- and third-trimester induced abortions. [ 16 ] [ 17 ] Jack Kevorkian 's thanatron machine injected a lethal dose of potassium chloride into the patient, which caused the heart to stop functioning, after a sodium thiopental -induced coma was achieved.
For mild blood pressure elevation, consensus guidelines call for medically supervised lifestyle changes and observation before recommending initiation of drug therapy. However, according to the American Hypertension Association, evidence of sustained damage to the body may be present even prior to observed elevation of blood pressure.
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