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  2. Validity (logic) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Validity_(logic)

    The corresponding conditional of a valid argument is a logical truth and the negation of its corresponding conditional is a contradiction. The conclusion is a necessary consequence of its premises. An argument that is not valid is said to be "invalid". An example of a valid (and sound) argument is given by the following well-known syllogism:

  3. List of valid argument forms - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_valid_argument_forms

    Logical form replaces any sentences or ideas with letters to remove any bias from content and allow one to evaluate the argument without any bias due to its subject matter. [1] Being a valid argument does not necessarily mean the conclusion will be true. It is valid because if the premises are true, then the conclusion has to be true.

  4. Logical form - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Logical_Form

    A logical argument, seen as an ordered set of sentences, has a logical form that derives from the form of its constituent sentences; the logical form of an argument is sometimes called argument form. [6] Some authors only define logical form with respect to whole arguments, as the schemata or inferential structure of the argument. [7]

  5. Logical reasoning - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Logical_reasoning

    An argument is correct or incorrect depending on whether the premises offer support for the conclusion. This is often understood in terms of probability: if the premises of a correct argument are true, it raises the probability that its conclusion is also true. Forms of logical reasoning can be distinguished based on how the premises support ...

  6. Exception that proves the rule - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exception_that_proves_the_rule

    The alternative origin given is that the word "prove" is used in the archaic sense of "test", [3] a reading advocated, for example, by a 1918 Detroit News style guide: The exception proves the rule is a phrase that arises from ignorance, though common to good writers. The original word was preuves, which did not mean proves but tests. [4]

  7. Deductive reasoning - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deductive_reasoning

    It is based on the idea that the sentences constituting the premises and conclusions have to be interpreted in order to determine whether the argument is valid. [13] [6] [5] This means that one ascribes semantic values to the expressions used in the sentences, such as the reference to an object for singular terms or to a truth-value for atomic ...

  8. Premise - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Premise

    An argument is valid if and only if it is the case that whenever the premises are all true, the conclusion must also be true. If there exists a logical interpretation where the premises are all true but the conclusion is false, the argument is invalid. Key to evaluating the quality of an argument is determining if it is valid and sound.

  9. Proof by contradiction - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proof_by_contradiction

    Given any number , we seek to prove that there is a prime larger than . Suppose to the contrary that no such p exists (an application of proof by contradiction). Then all primes are smaller than or equal to n {\displaystyle n} , and we may form the list p 1 , … , p k {\displaystyle p_{1},\ldots ,p_{k}} of them all.

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