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The first successful locomotive-powered line in Scotland, between Monkland and Kirkintilloch, opened in 1831. [219] Not only was good passenger service established by the late 1840s, but an excellent network of freight lines reduce the cost of shipping coal, and made products manufactured in Scotland competitive throughout Britain.
As the first half of the period is largely prehistoric, archaeology plays an important part in studies of early Medieval Scotland. There are no significant contemporary internal sources for the Picts , although evidence has been gleaned from lists of kings, annals preserved in Wales and Ireland and from sources written down much later, which ...
This is the first and so far the only evidence of Upper Paleolithic human habitation in Scotland, around 12,000 BC, which appears to fall between the Younger Dryas and Lomond Stadial periods when cold conditions returned relatively briefly. [1] [2] [3] An early settlement at Cramond, near what is today Edinburgh, has been dated to around 8500 BC.
This is a timeline of Scottish history, comprising important legal and territorial changes and political events in Scotland and its predecessor states. See also Timeline of prehistoric Scotland . To read about the background to many of these events, see History of Scotland .
Dun an Ruigh Ruaidh on the south west shore of Loch Broom is an early example of a complex Atlantic roundhouse from which the later brochs may have developed. (S) [89] 400: Edinburgh: A chariot burial found at Newbridge in 2001, the first such find in Scotland. (M) [90] 300: Skye: The remains of the bridge of a lyre found at High Pasture Cave ...
Scotland in the Iron Age concerns the period of prehistory in Scotland from about 800 BCE to the commencement of written records in the early Christian era. As the Iron Age emerged from the preceding Bronze Age , it becomes legitimate to talk of a Celtic culture in Scotland.
The Caledonians (/ ˌ k æ l ɪ ˈ d oʊ n i ən z /; Latin: Caledones or Caledonii; Ancient Greek: Καληδῶνες, Kalēdōnes) or the Caledonian Confederacy were a Brittonic-speaking tribal confederacy in what is now Scotland during the Iron Age and Roman eras. The Greek form of the tribal name gave rise to the name Caledonia for their ...
From the 5th century on, north Britain was divided into a series of petty kingdoms. Of these, the four most important were those of the Picts in the north-east, the Scots of Dál Riata in the west, the Britons of Strathclyde in the south-west and the Anglian kingdom of Bernicia (which united with Deira to form Northumbria in 653) in the south-east, stretching into modern northern England.