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The absence of a written history has meant that the origin and early history of the Romani people was long an enigma. Indian origin was suggested on linguistic grounds as early as the late 18th century. [9] In the Roma language, "rom" means husband/man, while "romňi" means wife/woman, and thus "roma" means "husbands/people".
In the English language, Romani people have long been known by the exonym Gypsies or Gipsies, [88] which many Roma consider to be an ethnic slur. [89] [90] [91] The attendees of the first World Romani Congress in 1971 unanimously voted to reject the use of all exonyms for the Roma, including "Gypsy". [92]
The Romani people in England are thought to have spoken the Romani language until the 19th century, when it was largely replaced by English and Angloromani, a mixed language that combines the syntax and grammar of English with the Romani lexicon. [10]
However, it was the philologist Ralph Turner's 1927 article “The Position of Romani in Indo-Aryan” that served as the basis for the integration of Romani into the history of Indian languages. Romani is an Indo-Aryan language that is part of the Balkan sprachbund. It is the only New Indo-Aryan spoken exclusively outside the Indian subcontinent.
The Romani language is spoken by millions of Romani people throughout the world. [87] It is of the Indo-Aryan branch. Many Romani people can speak two or more languages. It is not considered an official language because it varies from tribe to tribe. [88] Romani is influenced by Persian, Greek, Armenian, Iranic, Georgian and Arabic. [89] [90]
Early Romani, [1] sometimes referred to as Late Proto-Romani, [2] is the latest common predecessor of all varieties of the Romani language. It was spoken before the Roma people dispersed throughout Europe. It is not directly attested, but rather reconstructed on the basis of shared features of existing Romani varieties.
Ethel Brooks, the Romani cultural consultant for the "Foretold" podcast, dives into history and describes how her heritage fits into her own life. This story originally appeared in Los Angeles Times .
The Romani language is spoken by millions of Romani people throughout the world. [77] It is of the Indo-Aryan branch. Many Romani people can speak two or more languages. It is not considered an official language because it varies from tribe to tribe. [78] Romani is influenced by Persian, Greek, Armenian, Iranic, Georgian and Arabic. [79] [80]