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Definition. The Bode plot for a linear, time-invariant system with transfer function ( being the complex frequency in the Laplace domain) consists of a magnitude plot and a phase plot. The Bode magnitude plot is the graph of the function of frequency (with being the imaginary unit). The -axis of the magnitude plot is logarithmic and the ...
The root locus plots the poles of the closed loop transfer function in the complex s-plane as a function of a gain parameter (see pole–zero plot). Evans also invented in 1948 an analog computer to compute root loci, called a "Spirule" (after "spiral" and "slide rule"); it found wide use before the advent of digital computers.
A pole-zero plot is plotted in the plane of a complex frequency domain, which can represent either a continuous-time or a discrete-time system: Continuous-time systems use the Laplace transform and are plotted in the s-plane: s = σ + j ω {\displaystyle s=\sigma +j\omega } Real frequency components are along its vertical axis (the imaginary line.
Bode magnitude plot for the voltages across the elements of an RLC series circuit. Natural frequency ω 0 = 1 rad/s, damping ratio ζ = 0.4. Sinusoidal steady state is represented by letting s = jω, where j is the imaginary unit. Taking the magnitude of the above equation with this substitution:
The procedure outlined in the Bode plot article is followed. Figure 5 is the Bode gain plot for the two-pole amplifier in the range of frequencies up to the second pole position. The assumption behind Figure 5 is that the frequency f 0 dB lies between the lowest pole at f 1 = 1/(2πτ 1) and the second pole at f 2 = 1/(2πτ 2). As indicated in ...
which has a pole at = and is not BIBO stable since the pole has a modulus strictly greater than one. Numerous tools exist for the analysis of the poles of a system. These include graphical systems like the root locus, Bode plots or the Nyquist plots. Mechanical changes can make equipment (and control systems) more stable.
Marginal stability, like instability, is a feature that control theory seeks to avoid; we wish that, when perturbed by some external force, a system will return to a desired state. This necessitates the use of appropriately designed control algorithms. In econometrics, the presence of a unit root in observed time series, rendering them ...
The Bode plot of a first-order low-pass filter. The frequency response of the Butterworth filter is maximally flat (i.e., has no ripples) in the passband and rolls off towards zero in the stopband. [2] When viewed on a logarithmic Bode plot, the response slopes off linearly towards negative