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The Old High German–speaking area within the Holy Roman Empire in 962. Old High German encompasses the dialects that had undergone the Second Sound Shift during the 6th century—namely all of Elbe Germanic and most of the Weser–Rhine Germanic dialects.
The High German languages (German: hochdeutsche Mundarten, i.e. High German dialects), or simply High German (Hochdeutsch [ˈhoːxˌdɔɪ̯t͡ʃ] ⓘ) – not to be confused with Standard High German which is commonly also called "High German" – comprise the varieties of German spoken south of the Benrath and Uerdingen isoglosses in central and southern Germany, Austria, Liechtenstein ...
Although the boundaries of the dialects have shifted since the Old High German period, the degree to which dialects underwent the High German consonant shift continues to form the basis for differentiating the different modern German dialects, and, in particular, for the division between Central German dialects, which have fewer shifted ...
The split of the Class II weak verb ending *-ō-into *-ō-/-ōja-(cf. Old English -ian < -ōjan, but Old High German -ōn). Development of a plural ending *-ōs in a-stem nouns (note, Gothic also has -ōs , but this is an independent development, caused by terminal devoicing of *-ōz ; Old Frisian has -ar , which is thought to be a late ...
In the Old High German period, the first coherent texts are recorded in the St. Gall Abbey, among them the eighth-century Paternoster: [4] Fater unser, thu bist in himile uuihi namu dinan qhueme rihhi di i n uuerde uuillo diin, so in himile, sosa in erdu prooth unseer emezzihic kip uns hiutu oblaz uns sculdi unsero so uuir oblazem uns skuldikem
They were written mainly in monasteries in different local dialects of Old High German. In these texts, z along with combinations such as tz, cz, zz, sz, zs was chosen to transcribe the sounds /ts/ and /s(ː)/, which is ultimately the origin of the modern German letters z, tz and ß (an old sz ligature).
Furthermore, the High Franconian dialects, spoken up to the Speyer line isogloss in the north, are often also included in the Upper German dialect group. Whether they should be included as part of Upper German or instead classified as Central German is an open question, as they have traits of both Upper and Central German and are frequently ...
In some dialects, the Middle High German vowels have not changed, e.g. Swiss German heiss /hei̯s/ and wiiss /viːs/, while in other dialects or languages, the vowels have changed but the distinction is kept, e.g. Bavarian hoaß /hɔɐ̯s/ and weiß /vaɪ̯s/, Ripuarian heeß /heːs/ and wieß /viːs/ (however the Colognian dialect has kept the ...