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The length of the adult kidney is normally 10–12 cm, and the right kidney is often slightly longer than the left kidney. The adult kidney size is variable due to the correlation with body height and age; however, normograms for pediatric kidney size are available. [1]
A Danish study measured the median renal length to be 11.2 cm (4 + 7 ⁄ 16 in) on the left side and 10.9 cm (4 + 5 ⁄ 16 in) on the right side in adults. Median renal volumes were 146 cm 3 ( 8 + 15 ⁄ 16 cu in) on the left and 134 cm 3 ( 8 + 3 ⁄ 16 cu in) on the right.
The size of the renal pelvis plays a major role in the grading of hydronephrosis. Normally, the anteroposterior diameter of the renal pelvis is less than 4 mm in fetuses up to 32 weeks of gestational age and 7 mm afterwards. [2] In adults, 13% of the normal population have a transverse pelvic diameter of over 10 mm. [3]
In mice, the kidneys are approximately 1 cm (0.4 in) long, weighing 400 mg, with 16,000 nephrons, while in the killer whale, the kidney length exceeds 25 cm (10 in), the mass is approximately 4.5 kg (10 lb), with the number of nephrons of the order of 10,000,000. At the same time, the killer whale kidneys are reniculate, with each renicule ...
1.2 million (2015) [6] Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a type of long-term kidney disease, in which either there is a gradual loss of kidney function which occurs over a period of months to years, or an abnormal kidney structure (with normal function). [2][5] Initially generally no symptoms are seen, but later symptoms may include leg swelling ...
Organomegaly is the abnormal enlargement of organs. For example, cardiomegaly is enlargement of the heart. Visceromegaly is the enlargement of abdominal organs. [1] Examples of visceromegaly are enlarged liver (hepatomegaly), spleen (splenomegaly), stomach, kidneys, and pancreas.
Renal hypoplasia. An ultrasound scan of a hypoplastic right kidney in an adult male. Renal hypoplasia is a congenital abnormality in which one or both of the kidneys are smaller than normal, [5] resulting in a reduced nephron number [1] but with normal morphology. [4]
The severity of chronic kidney disease (CKD) is described by six stages; the most severe three are defined by the MDRD-eGFR value, and first three also depend on whether there is other evidence of kidney disease (e.g., proteinuria): 0) Normal kidney function – GFR above 90 (mL/min)/(1.73 m 2) and no proteinuria