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Unlike ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin does not appear to deactivate the drug metabolizing enzyme CYP1A2. Therefore, drugs that use that enzyme, like theophylline , do not interact with levofloxacin. It is a weak inhibitor of CYP2C9 , [ 37 ] suggesting potential to block the breakdown of warfarin and phenprocoumon .
CYP1A2 is a member of the cytochrome P450 superfamily of enzymes. The cytochrome P450 proteins are monooxygenases which catalyze many reactions involved in drug metabolism and synthesis of cholesterol, steroids and other lipids. CYP1A2 localizes to the endoplasmic reticulum and its expression is induced by some polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons ...
Ciprofloxacin is a broad-spectrum antibiotic of the fluoroquinolone class. It is active against some Gram-positive and many Gram-negative bacteria. [79] It functions by inhibiting a type II topoisomerase (DNA gyrase) and topoisomerase IV, [80][81] necessary to separate bacterial DNA, thereby inhibiting cell division.
Levofloxacin, which is marketed under the brand name Levaquin in the U.S. and Tavanic in the EU, is often prescribed for pneumonia, urinary tract infections and infections of the abdomen.
The fluctuation in the amount of CYP450 enzymes (CYP1A2, CYP2C8, CYP2C9, CYP2C19, CYP2D6, CYP3A4, and CYP3A5) in phase 1 (detoxification) can have varying effects on individuals, as genetic expression varies from person to person. This variation is due to the enzyme's genetic polymorphism, which leads to variability in its function and expression.
Levofloxacin Trovafloxacin Fluoroquinolones are often used for genitourinary infections [ 5 ] and are widely used in the treatment of hospital-acquired infections associated with urinary catheters. In community-acquired infections, they are recommended only when risk factors for multidrug resistance are present or after other antibiotic ...
Cytochrome isoforms affected by grapefruit components include CYP3A4, CYP1A2, CYP2C9, and CYP2D6. [21] Drugs that are metabolized by these enzymes may have interactions with components of grapefruit. An easy way to tell if a medication may be affected by grapefruit juice is by researching whether another known CYP3A4 inhibitor drug is already ...
Examples of common tetracyclines include doxycycline and minocycline, while commonly prescribed fluoroquinolones include ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin and moxifloxacin, says Rauch.
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