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Metabolic acidosis can cause hyperkalemia as the elevated hydrogen ions in the cells can displace potassium, causing the potassium ions to leave the cell and enter the bloodstream. However, in respiratory acidosis or organic acidosis such as lactic acidosis , the effect on serum potassium are much less significant although the mechanisms are ...
Excretion is the most common cause of hypokalemia and can be caused by diuretic use, metabolic acidosis, diabetic ketoacidosis, hyperaldosteronism, and renal tubular acidosis. [3] Potassium can also be lost through vomiting and diarrhea. [14]
There are many causes of infectious diarrhea, which include viruses, bacteria and parasites. [29] Infectious diarrhea is frequently referred to as gastroenteritis. [30] Norovirus is the most common cause of viral diarrhea in adults, [31] but rotavirus is the most common cause in children under five years old. [32]
Mineralcorticoid excess due to a disease state such as Conn's syndrome usually does not lead to hypernatremia unless free water intake is restricted. Salt poisoning is the most common cause in children. [16] [17] It has also been seen in a number of adults with mental health problems. [11] Too much salt can also occur from drinking seawater or ...
Arsenic poisoning (or arsenicosis) is a medical condition that occurs due to elevated levels of arsenic in the body. [4] If arsenic poisoning occurs over a brief period of time, symptoms may include vomiting, abdominal pain, encephalopathy, and watery diarrhea that contains blood. [1]
When too much food or liquid nutrition supplement is consumed during the initial four to seven days following a malnutrition event, the production of glycogen, fat and protein in cells may cause low serum concentrations of potassium, magnesium and phosphate.
Large doses of potassium and magnesium are often necessary to adequately replace the electrolytes lost in the urine. [2] Diarrhea is a common side effect of oral magnesium which can make replacement by mouth difficult but dividing the dose to 3-4 times a day is better tolerated. [2]
Low volume hyponatremia can occur from diarrhea, vomiting, diuretics, and sweating. [4] Normal volume hyponatremia is divided into cases with dilute urine and concentrated urine. [4] Cases in which the urine is dilute include adrenal insufficiency, hypothyroidism, and drinking too much water or too much beer. [4]