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  2. Coin cleaning - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coin_cleaning

    Coin cleaning is the controversial process of removing undesirable substances from a coin's surface in order to make it more attractive to potential buyers. The subject is disputed among the numismatic community whether cleaning coins is necessary.

  3. Verdigris - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Verdigris

    The Statue of Liberty, showing advanced patination; verdigris is responsible for the statue's iconic green colour.. Verdigris (/ ˈ v ɜːr d ɪ ɡ r iː (s)/) [1] is a common name for any of a variety of somewhat toxic [2] [3] [4] copper salts of acetic acid, which range in colour from green to a bluish-green depending on their chemical composition.

  4. Conservation and restoration of silver objects - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conservation_and...

    Historically, objects made from silver were created for religious, artistic, technical, and domestic uses. The act of conservation and restoration strives to prevent and slow the deterioration of the object as well as protecting the object for future use. The prevention and removal of surface tarnish is the primary concern of conservator ...

  5. Bronze disease - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bronze_disease

    The patches of bronze disease can be scraped off the surface using a fingernail or a wooden pick. These properties are all in comparison with verdigris, which is normally a duller shade, uniform across the whole of the affected object, and cannot be scratched off with wood or fingernails. Unlike bronze disease, verdigris serves to protect the ...

  6. Renaissance Wax - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Renaissance_Wax

    Renaissance Wax is also commonly used in the preservation of bronze and copper coins. The wax seals the coins and helps prevent deterioration from moisture and air exposure. It may [citation needed] also help prevent the onset of the chloride-related corrosion commonly called bronze disease, although it won't arrest this once started.

  7. Conservation and restoration of shipwreck artifacts - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conservation_and...

    Agents of physical force are consistently present throughout the entire processes of conserving and preserving shipwreck artifacts. The retrieval of shipwreck artifacts from the seabed is an extremely intricate and fragile process. Artifacts are extremely delicate, and any slight motion or improper physical contact can cause irreputable damage.

  8. Counterfeit money - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Counterfeit_money

    On coins, milled or reeded (marked with parallel grooves) edges are used to show that none of the valuable metal has been scraped off. This detects the shaving or clipping (paring off) of the rim of the coin. However, it does not detect sweating, shake coins in a bag, and collect the resulting dust. Since this technique removes a smaller amount ...

  9. Cragg Vale Coiners - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cragg_Vale_Coiners

    Led by "King" David Hartley, the Coiners obtained real coins from publicans, sometimes on the promise that they could "grow" the investment by smelting the original metals with base ores. They "clipped" the edges of genuine coins, leaving them only very slightly smaller, and collected the shavings. They then melted down the shavings to produce ...