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Plating is a finishing process in which a metal is deposited on a surface. Plating has been done for hundreds of years; it is also critical for modern technology. Plating is used to decorate objects, for corrosion inhibition, to improve solderability, to harden, to improve wearability, to reduce friction, to improve paint adhesion, to alter conductivity, to improve IR reflectivity, for ...
Electroplating, also known as electrochemical deposition or electrodeposition, is a process for producing a metal coating on a solid substrate through the reduction of cations of that metal by means of a direct electric current.
Electroless nickel immersion gold (ENIG or ENi/IAu), also known as immersion gold (Au), chemical Ni/Au or soft gold, is a metal plating process used in the manufacture of printed circuit boards (PCBs), to avoid oxidation and improve the solderability of copper contacts and plated through-holes.
Electroless deposition is advantageous in comparison to PVD, CVD, and electroplating deposition methods because it can be performed at ambient conditions. [2] [6] The plating method for Ni-P, Ni-Au, Ni-B, and Cu baths are distinct; however, the processes involve the same approach. The electroless deposition process is defined by four steps: [2 ...
Ammonium hexachloroplatinate is used in platinum plating. Heating (NH 4) 2 [PtCl 6] under a stream of hydrogen at 200 °C produces platinum sponge. Treating this with chlorine gives H 2 [PtCl 6]. [2] Ammonium hexachloroplatinate decomposes to yield platinum sponge when heated to high temperatures: [2] [5] 3(NH 4) 2 PtCl 6 → 3Pt(s) + 2NH 4 Cl ...
Electrochemical coloring of metals based processes are black, green and blue nickel plating, black chromium plating, black rhodium plating and black ruthenium plating. [3] [4] Anodic oxidation of aluminum, titanium, niobium, tantalum and stainless steel are also electrochemical colouring processes. Multi-colored and green electrolytic patinas ...
A process flow diagram (PFD) is a diagram commonly used in chemical and process engineering to indicate the general flow of plant processes and equipment. The PFD displays the relationship between major equipment of a plant facility and does not show minor details such as piping details and designations.
George Richards Elkington (1801–1865) by Samuel West The old Elkington Silver Electroplating Works in Birmingham Commemorative inkstand, about 1850, Elkington & Co. V&A Museum no. 481&A-1901 George Richards Elkington (17 October 1801 – 22 September 1865) was a manufacturer from Birmingham , England.