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An infrared proximity sensor Optical proximity sensor in a 2016 Samsung smartphone.A proximity sensor is a standard feature of most smartphones, disabling the touchscreen when positioned near an ear during phone calls; more recent (late 2019-early 2020) smartphones with OLED displays may have the sensor mounted under the display.
Hall sensors are used for proximity sensing, positioning, speed detection, and current sensing applications [1] and are common in industrial and consumer applications. Hundreds of millions of Hall sensor integrated circuits (ICs) are sold each year [2] by about 50 manufacturers, with the global market around a billion dollars. [3]
The cause of proximity effect can be seen from the accompanying drawings of two parallel wires next to each other carrying alternating current (AC). [1] [2]: p.142-143 The righthand wire in each drawing has the top part transparent to show the currents inside the metal.
A VR sensor used as a simple proximity sensor can determine the position of a mechanical link in a piece of industrial equipment. A crankshaft position sensor (in an automobile engine) is used to provide the angular position of the crankshaft to the engine control unit. The engine control unit can then calculate engine speed (angular velocity).
Since the output of an inductive sensor has two possible states, an inductive sensor is sometimes referred to as an inductive proximity switch. [2] [3] The sensor consists of an induction loop or detector coil. Most often this is physically a number of turns of insulated magnet wire wound around a high magnetic permeability core, such as a ...
The Wiegand interface is a de facto wiring standard which arose from the popularity of Wiegand effect card readers in the 1980s. It is commonly used to connect a card swipe mechanism to the rest of an access control system. The sensor in such a system is often a "Wiegand wire", based on the Wiegand effect, discovered by John R. Wiegand. A ...
The skin effect and proximity effect cause conductors to exhibit higher resistance to alternating current (AC) than to direct current (DC). Due to the dual inverse nature of the electromagnetic field, the skin effect dominates at frequencies less than about 2 MHz; at higher frequencies, the proximity effect becomes the dominant force, and Litz wire induces more DC losses than solid wire or ...
A photoelectric sensor is a device used to determine the distance, absence, or presence of an object by using a light transmitter, often infrared, and a photoelectric receiver. They are largely used in industrial manufacturing. There are three different useful types: opposed (through-beam), retro-reflective, and proximity-sensing (diffused).