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The De Morgan dual is the canonical conjunctive normal form , maxterm canonical form, or Product of Sums (PoS or POS) which is a conjunction (AND) of maxterms. These forms can be useful for the simplification of Boolean functions, which is of great importance in the optimization of Boolean formulas in general and digital circuits in particular.
In sum-of-products (SOP) form, AND gates form the smallest unit and are stitched together using ORs, whereas in product-of-sums (POS) form it is opposite. POS form requires parentheses to group the OR terms together under AND gates, because OR has lower precedence than AND. Both SOP and POS forms translate nicely into circuit logic.
Real world examples of an 3-3 AOI gate is found in the SN74LS51 logic IC (see further below). [5] The 3-3 AOI gate can be represented by the following boolean equation and truth table: = () ¯. Its logic table would have 64 entries, but is not shown.
A truth table has one column for each input variable (for example, A and B), and one final column showing all of the possible results of the logical operation that the table represents (for example, A XOR B). Each row of the truth table contains one possible configuration of the input variables (for instance, A=true, B=false), and the result of ...
A sum-of-products expression (SOP) can always be implemented using AND gates feeding into an OR gate, and a product-of-sums expression (POS) leads to OR gates feeding an AND gate. The POS expression gives a complement of the function (if F is the function so its complement will be F'). [10]
A logical formula is considered to be in DNF if it is a disjunction of one or more conjunctions of one or more literals. [2] [3] [4] A DNF formula is in full disjunctive normal form if each of its variables appears exactly once in every conjunction and each conjunction appears at most once (up to the order of variables).
A graphical representation of a partially built propositional tableau. In proof theory, the semantic tableau [1] (/ t æ ˈ b l oʊ, ˈ t æ b l oʊ /; plural: tableaux), also called an analytic tableau, [2] truth tree, [1] or simply tree, [2] is a decision procedure for sentential and related logics, and a proof procedure for formulae of first-order logic. [1]
Example As an example, the formula saying "Anyone who loves all animals, is in turn loved by someone" is converted into CNF (and subsequently into clause form in the last line) as follows (highlighting replacement rule redexes in red {\displaystyle {\color {red}{\text{red}}}} ):